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prokaryota Flashcards

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1
Q

priklad prokaryot

A

sinice, bakteri

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2
Q

obecne vlastnosti zivych soustav

A

organizovanost a strukturni slozitost, schopnost samoregulace, metabolismus, vnimavost, drazdivost, schopnost reprodukce a vývoj

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3
Q

chemicke slozeni prokaryot

A

nukleova kyselina dna nebo rna a bilkoviny

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4
Q

stavba prokaryoticke bunky

A

bicik, pouzdro, cytoplazmaticka membrana, membrana, cytoplazma, ribozomy, plazmid, pili, nukleoid kruhova dna

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5
Q

prokaryotni bunka oproti eukaryotni

A

prokaryotni je jednodussi a mensi

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6
Q

co umoznuje slizove pouzdro

A

kapsula, umoznuje se prisat na jinou bunku

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7
Q

co jsou fimbrie

A

vlásky podobne pilum, umoznuji pohyb a prichyceni

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8
Q

k cemu je bicik

A

k pohybu vlnenim

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9
Q

ka membrana

A

mohou ji prochazet mensi molekuly, je polopropustna

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10
Q

co je nukleoid

A

kruhova dna, v bunce neni ohranicena/ oddelena od vnitrniho prostoru

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11
Q

co jsou plazmidy

A

kousky nukleonove kyseliny, prokaryotni bunky si ji mohou vymenovat

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12
Q

co jsou rybozomi

A

jsou v cytoplazme, drobne jednotky

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13
Q

jak se prokaryoty rozmnozuji

A

rozmnozuji se nepohlavnim delenim

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14
Q

prubeh deleni prokaryot

A

staci jeden jedinec, nukleova kyselina se prepise zdvoji, postupne se rozdeli na dcerine bunky ty jsou uplne stejne jako materske

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15
Q

archebakterie

A

prokaryoticke organismy, bunky schopne obyvat extremni prostredi, lisi se stavbou bonecne steny

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16
Q

typy tvaru

A

kulovite, tycinkove, zakrivene

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17
Q

kulovite tvary

A

kok, diplokok, streptokok, stafylokok

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18
Q

tycinkovity tvar

A

tycinky, bacily, diplobakterie, streptobakterie

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19
Q

zakriveny tvar

A

spirila, spirocheta

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20
Q

kok

A

kolecko

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21
Q

diplokok

A

dve kolecka

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22
Q

streptokok

A

nekolik kulicek za sebou

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23
Q

stafylokok

A

kulicky spojene do trojuhelniku

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24
Q

tycinka

A

tycinkova kulicka

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25
bacily
oval
26
diplobakterie
dva ovaly
27
streptobakterie
nekolik ovalu
28
spirila
zakrivena carka
29
spirocheta
zatocena carka
30
fotoheterotrofni
k tvorbe organickych latek z oxidu uhliciteho vyuzivaji slunecni energii
31
chemoautotrofni
zdrojem uhliku je oxid uhlicity, vyuzivaji energii ziskanou oxidaci anorganickych latek
32
fotoautotrofni
uhlik ziskavaji z organickych zdroju, zdrojem energie je svetlo,
33
do jake skupiny patri sinice
fotoautotrofni
34
chemoheterotrofni
zdrojem uhliku jsou organicke latky, zdrojem energie jsou oxidace organickych latek dychanim a kvasenim
35
fotoautotrofni, fotoheterotrofni
vyuzivaji sluneci energii
36
chemoautotrofni chemoheterotrofni
oxidace organickych nebo anorganickych latek
37
co jsou saprofyticke bakterie
pusobi jako dekompozitori, zivy se organickymi latkami z odumrelych tel, uvolnuji amoniak
38
jake bakterie patri do pudnich
saprofyticke, symbioticke, aktinomycety
39
co patri do saprofytickych bakterii
nitrifikacni, denitrifikacni, nitrogenni
40
nitrifikacni
premenuji amoniak na dusitany, to je uzitecne pro rostliny
41
denitrifikacni
rozkladaji latky, podili se na mineralizaci anaerobni bakterie, ktere rozkladaji dusicnany na plynny dusik, ochuzuje tak pudu o dusik, opak nitrifikacnich
42
nitrogenni
symbioza s bobovitymi rostlinami
43
hlizkovite
symbioza s bobovitymi rostlinami, ziji na jejich korenech, dovedou vazat vzdusny dusik
44
aktinomycety
produkuji antibiotika
45
bakterie ve vzduchu
u more kvuli vlhku, uzavrene prostory, infekcni prach, mesta
46
bakterie ve vode
nepramenita voda
47
jake bakterie jsou schopne prezit v mineralni vode
archebakterie
48
symbioticke bakterie na lidskem tele
na kuzi, usta, dychaci cesty, streva,
49
bakterie na kuzi
osidli povrch a nepusti na kuzi skodlive bakterie, pot
50
bakterie v ustech
sliny, mlecne bunky odvapneni zubni skloviny - kaz
51
bakterie v dychacich cestach
nosohltan, prudusky
52
bakterie ve strevech
escherichia cole - e. coli - tvori kyselinu mlecnou, produkce vitaminu B
53
bakterie ve strevech prezvykavcu a termitu
dokazi rozlozit celulozu
54
primy prenos nakazy
primym stykem mezi zdrojem nakazy a novym hostitelem - polibek , pohlavni styk, kousnuti
55
neprimy prenos nakazy
kapenkami, predmety, vodou, potravinami, vykaly, moci, slinami, pudou
56
vzdusnouz cestou kapenkami
vstupni branou jsou horni cesty dychaci, angina, spala, zapal plic, zaskrt, tuberkuloza, cerny kasel
57
zaskrt
ockovani, male deti, tezka andina
58
tuberkuloza
kaslani krve, ockovani, antibiotika
59
cerny kasel
ockovani
60
alimentarni cestou - stolice, vykali
vstupni brana usta, salmoneloza, brisni tyfus, cholera, uplavice
61
poranena kuze
tetanus
62
tetanus
ockovani, bez leceni 100% smrtelna, krece nekoordinovane svaly
63
pohlavnim stykem
syfilis, kapavka
64
jiny nazev sifilisu
příjice
65
zviraty
antrax, botulismus
66
antrax
dost nakazliva, biologicka zbran
67
botulismus
bakterie zbusobujici onemocneni tvorbou jedovatych latek, botok
68
bakterialni nakazy rostlin
nici urodu
69
vyuziti bakterii v prumyslu
mlecna bakterie - zakysane vyrobky, synteza vitaminu, cisteni odpadnich vod, tvorba antibiotik, genove inzenyrstvi, kvaseni - alkohol

biologie (12 decks)

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