Prokaryote and extrachromosomal genetics Flashcards
(15 cards)
List some genetic disease traits that are only inherited from the maternal parent
- LHON
- NARP
-MERF
What do maternally inherited human disease mutations map to?
the mitochondrial genome
What is meant by the term heteroplasmy?
the haphazard nature of organelle division means that individual organelles, tissue or organisms can come to contain one exclusive type of organelle genome or a mix
What is meant by horizontal gene transfer
the shuffling of genes without meiosis in prokaryotes
What is meant by the term conjugation?
a replicative transfer of plasmid DNA from one prokaryotic cell to another
What is the purpose of oriT
supports rolling circle DNA replication
What are insertion sequences?
contains a single gene (tnp) encoding molecules of a transposable enzyme which recognizes two flanking short DNA sequences which are identical but inverted to each other
What is meant by a transposon
a transposable element carrying extra genes
What is meant by the term episomal plasmid
a plasmid with sequences homologous to a host cell chromosome, which exhibits reversible integration and excision
What is meant by the term Hfr strains
cells with integrated conjugative plasmids
What is meant by transduction?
the movement of chromosomal DNA segments between cells, mediated by prokaryotic viruses
What is the function of competent cells
have the ability to take up DNA from the external environment
What is the mobilome?
the collection of genes and genetic elements that can actively move within a single genome
How to bacillus subtilis cells detect the presence of other cells
via quorum sensing
What is the function of MTase
prevents the destruction of host cell DNA
