Prokaryote vs. Eukaryotic cells

Question 1

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

prokaryote doesn’t have a nucleus, eukaryotic does

Question 2

What are some similarities between the structures of plant, animal and bacteria cells?

Answer 2

all have cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, and cell membranes

Question 3

What are the differences between the structure of plant, animals and bacteria cells?

Answer 3

plants- contain large vacuole and chloroplasts
animals- contain temporary vacuole, lysosomes, and vesicles
bacteria- flagellum in certain types
plants and bacteria- cell wall
plants and animal- mitochondrion, golgi apparatus, ER, nucleus

Question 4

What are the cell structures that most cells have and what are their functions?

Answer 4

cell membrane- protective barrier around the outside, controls what goes in out
ribosomes- translate mRNA to make proteins
cytoplasm- the liquid inside the cell where almost all activities occur
DNA- stores genetic information

Question 5

What are the benefits of a prokaryotic cell plan?

Answer 5

they don’t need much to “survive”, less energy, easier to reproduce, much faster

Question 6

What are the benefits of a eukaryotic cells plan?

Answer 6

they have more advancements to “survive”, more complex life forms, more energy

Question 7

Compare and contrast how different cells serve as a container

Answer 7

all cells have cell membranes.
bacteria can have 2 membranes and a cell wall, plants have a cell wall, bacteria doesn’t have membrane inside the cell

Question 8

Compare and contrast how different cells get and use energy

Answer 8

All use ATP, use O2 and release CO2. Plants use chloroplasts, bacteria use sunlight and have no mitochondria

Question 9

Compare and contrast how different cells contain a set of instructions

Answer 9

all have DNA, genes, and can replicate their DNA and genes. Plants and animals store their DNA in the nucleus, but bacteria have it free-floating in cytoplasm

Question 10

Compare and contrast how different cells read the instructions

Answer 10

first steps are all the same and all use genes to build proteins. Plants and animals proteins can leave the cell or go to other proteins. Bacteria proteins can only stay in the cell

Question 11

Compare and contrast how different cells get rid of waste

Answer 11

all cells have enzymes that digest waste, cells can turn them into new molecules, burn them for energy, or get rid of them. They leave from the cell membrane. Animals waste goes to the lysosomes. Plants waste goes to vacuole. Bacteria waste stays in cytoplasm.

Question 12

Describe the steps and organelles involved in the making and distributing of proteins

Answer 12

Ribosomes in the rough or smooth ER translate the mRNA into a protein. Then the vesicles take the proteins to the golgi apparatus by being pulled on motor proteins along microtubials. Then the proteins can go to the cytoplasm, cell membrane, out of the cell, or into another organelle.

Question 13

Explain why some cells would have more of one type of organelle than other cells

Answer 13

Depending on where a cell is located, it will have different functions to benefit it. For example, a cell on the leaf of a plant is going to have a lot more chloroplasts than a cell in the roots of a plant. This is because the roots of the plant are not gaining any sunlight and do not need those chloroplasts and rather organelles that can absorb nutrients from the soil.

Question 14

True or False:
the cell theory states that all existing cells are produced by other living cells

Answer 14

true

Question 15

True or False:
a spirillum bacteria is one that looks like a circle.

Answer 15

false; it would look like a spiral, a circular one is called coccus