Prokaryotes

Question 1

Discovery of Bacteria by

Answer 1

AntonieVan
Leeuwenhoek”

Question 2

Louis pasteur discovered vaccines for?

Answer 2

Anthrax, cholera & rabies

Question 3

Germ Theory of disease founder

Answer 3

Robert Koch

Question 4

Robert Koch isolated which bacteria and discovered bacteria that caused which diseases?

Answer 4

Bacillus (rod shoped) and discovered bacteria that caused TB and cholera

Question 5

Size of Bacteria Range (Typical)

Answer 5

0.1 to 600um

Question 6

Smallest Bacteria
Name& size

Answer 6

Mycoplasma about 100-200 nm

Question 7

3 Categories of bacteria on basis of shape

Answer 7

Cocci, Bacilli, Spiral

Question 8

Pleomorphic

Answer 8

Can exist in variety of shapes

Question 9

Arrangement of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus

Answer 9

long arrangement of cells and irregular clusters

Question 10

E. coli which type of bacteria?

Answer 10

Bacilli(Rodshaped)

Question 11

Spiral shaped bacteria forms

Answer 11

Spirochetes(Thin flexible spiral), Vibrio (curved comma shape)

Question 12

Pili present only in which bacteria

Answer 12

gram-negative bacteria

Question 13

Flagella made of protein

Answer 13

Flagellin

Question 14

Peritrichous

Answer 14

Form when flagella surrounds the whole cell.

Question 15

Atrichous and Amphitrichous

Answer 15

No flagella and flagella present at two poles

Question 16

part of bacteria that helps attachment to various surfaces

Answer 16

Pili

Question 17

Archaeobacteria Cell wall composed of?

Answer 17

protein, glycoproteins and polysaccharides.

Question 18

Gram positive Thickness and composition

Answer 18

Lipids (1-4%) ;
Peptideglycan (50%) Techoic Acid and Lipotechoaic acid

Question 19

Gram negative composition

Answer 19

(8-11nm) and Lipoproteins/polysaccharides

Question 20

Invagination of bacterial cell usually in form of vesicles and
involved in DNA replication and cell division

Answer 20

Meso some

Question 21

complexes of layer external to cell protoplasm

Answer 21

Cell envelope, cell wall, slime and capsule

Question 22

Capsule of bacteria made of _____and functions to _____

Answer 22

Repeat polysaccharides/proteins and provides pathogenicity

Question 23

Structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis

Answer 23

Slime

Question 24

dna material of bacteria also known as

Answer 24

nucleoid, chromatin

Question 25

Circular chromosome of e.coli measures about.....

Answer 25

14000 um or 14 nm

Question 26

circular, self replicating and double stranded DNA molecule in addition to bacteria chromosomes

Answer 26

Plasmids

Question 27

true or false. plasmids consists of DNA, genes histones and nucleotides

Answer 27

false. doesnt contain histone proteins. (only present in eukaryotes)

Question 28

ribosomes of prokaryotes with subunit.

Answer 28

70s. 30s smaller and 50s larger subunit.

Question 29

difference between spores and cysts

Answer 29

spores metabolically dominant resistant bodies produced at late stage of cell growth. .resistant to light, ph and high temp cyst is when whole cell develops into a thick walled resistant body which is NOT heat resistant. Dessication resistant

Question 30

bacteria store which food materials and what is stored as waste.

Answer 30

glycogen, sulphur, fat and phosphate. waste; alcolo, lactic acid

Question 31

two types of heterotrophic bacteria(cant synthesize organic compunds from inorganic)

Answer 31

1.Saprophytic bacteria (get food from dead organic matter.) 2.Parasitic bacteria(nutrition dependant on host)

Question 32

two types of Autotrophic bacteria (can synthesize organic compunds from inorganic)

Answer 32

1.Photosynthetic: which have chlorophyll in cytoplasm. CO2 + H2S-----> S+H2O+CH2O 2.Chemosynthetic: oxidise inorganic compounds like NH3, NO3, S.

Question 33

4 TYPES OF BACTERIA FOR RESPIRATION, aerobic, anaerobic,_________ and ________

Answer 33

facultive e.g ecoli microaerobic e.g campylobacter

Question 34

example of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Answer 34

aerobic: Pseudomonas Anaerobic: Spirochete

Question 35

phases of growth of bacteria

Answer 35

1. lag phase 2. Log phase (exponential) 3.Stationary phase 4. Death

Question 36

Process of transfer of genetic material from donor bacterium to recipient bacteria using sex pili.

Answer 36

Conjugation

Question 37

process of transferring part of bacterial DNA by a bacteriophage

Answer 37

transduction

Question 38

Bacterial outer layer and composition

Answer 38

Outer wrapping of cells consists of 1. Glycocalyx (outermost region) >Slime loosely attached slippery >Capsule tightly attached sticky 2. Cell wall