Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (NOT FINISHED)

Question 1

What structures do both plant and animal cells have?

Answer 1

• Surface cell membrane.
• Ribosomes.
• Golgi apparatus.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• Nucleus.
• Mitochondria.
• Cytoplasm.
• Lysosomes.

Question 2

What structures do plant cells have that animals cells don’t?

Answer 2

• Cellulose cell wall.
• Vacuole.
• Chloroplast.

Question 3

What is the cell wall of fungi cells made of?

Answer 3

Chitin.

Question 4

What structures are inside the nucleus?

Answer 4

• Nuclear envelope.
• Nucleolus.
• Chromatin.
• Nuclear pore.

Question 5

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 5

• Contains chromosomes.
• Controls the cells activities.
• Nucleolus makes ribosomes.

Question 6

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

A network of fluid filled membranes that are covered in ribosomes (usually attached to the nucleus).

Question 7

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

Modifies and folds proteins.

Question 8

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

A network of fluid filled membranes, not covered in ribosomes (not attached to nucleus).

Question 9

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

A group of fluid filled sacs.

Question 10

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

• Modify and package proteins and lipids, putting them in vesicles for transport.
• Make lysosomes.

Question 11

Where are Golgi vesicles made?

Answer 11

Golgi apparatus.

Question 12

What are the functions of Golgi vesicles?

Answer 12

• Store and transport proteins & lipids.

- Can transport proteins and lipids out of the cell.

Question 13

What are lysosomes?

Answer 13

A special type of Golgi vesicles that contain digestive enzymes called lysosomal enzymes/lysozymes.

Question 14

What is the function of lysozymes?

Answer 14

Used to hydrolyse pathogens and old cell organelles.

Question 15

What structures do mitochondria contain?

Answer 15

• Matrix.

- Cristae.

Question 16

What are the functions of mitochondria?

Answer 16

• Site of aerobic respiration.

- Make ATP.

Question 17

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 17

Strong, structural wall that protect the cell from changing shape.

Question 18

What is the cell wall made of in plants/Algae?

Answer 18

Cellulose.

Question 19

What do vacuole contain?

Answer 19

Sugars and salts (cell sap).

Question 20

What is the function of vacuole?

Answer 20

To keep the cell turgid.

Question 21

What structures are inside a chloroplast?

Answer 21

• Lamellae.
• Thylakoids.
• Grana (stacks of thylakoids).
• Starch grains.
• Stroma.
• Double membrane.

Question 22

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 22

Site of photosynthesis (contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy).

Question 23

What are ribosomes?

Answer 23

Very small organelles that are made of proteins and RNA.

Question 24

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 24

To make proteins.

Question 25

What are specialised cells?

Answer 25

Cells that have evolved to carry out specific functions.

Question 26

What is an example of a specialised cell?

Answer 26

Epithelial cell (ileum).

Question 27

What is a tissue?

Answer 27

A group of cells working together to perform a specific function.

Question 28

Wha is an example of a tissue?

Answer 28

Epithelial tissue.

Question 29

What is an organ?

Answer 29

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 30

What is an example of an organ?

Answer 30

Small intestine.

Question 31

What is an organ system?

Answer 31

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function.

Question 32

How are epithelial cells adapted for their function?

Answer 32

- Microvilli - Increase surface area for more absorption. | - Lots of mitochondria - produce lots of ATP for active transport.