Prokaryotes Test Part One: Oh Boy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Prokaryotes Test Part One: Oh Boy Deck (24)
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1
Q

Typical Bacteria Structure

A
Outer membrane (some bacteria)
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
DNA
Pili
Flagellum
2
Q

Prokaryote

A

Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
- DNA in cytoplasm
Two groups:
Bacteria and archaea

3
Q

Archaea

A

Cell walls lack peptidoglycan, membranes contain different lipids
Live in harsh environments

4
Q

How do prokaryotes vary in their structure and function?

A

Prokaryotes vary in their size and shape, in the way they move, and in the way they obtain and release energy

5
Q

Rod shaped prok

A

Bacilli

6
Q

Spherical Prok

A

Cocci

7
Q

Spiral and cork screw prok

A

Spirilla

8
Q

Some move by

A

flagella, glide along material they secrete

9
Q

Energy is released by

A

Cellular respiration, fermentation, or both

10
Q

Fermentation

A

Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available

11
Q

Binary fission

A

When a cell grows to nearly double it’s normal size then splits into two, replicates it’s DNA to create two nearly identical cells

12
Q

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

Respiration is used to eliminate waste products and generate energy
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, anaerobic doesn’t
Anaerobic occurs mostly in prok
Both occur in cytoplasm and mitochondria

13
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process by which some organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

14
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

the synthesis of organic compounds by some organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight

15
Q

Conjugation

A

The process by which prokaryotes exchange genetic information through the formation of a bridge between two bacterial cells

16
Q

Spore Formation

A

A mode of reproduction resembling multiple fission, in which the organism breaks up into a number of pieces, or spores, each of which eventually develops into an organism like the parent form

17
Q

Differences between archaea and bacteria

A

Bacteria contain peptidoglycan cell wall, archaea don’t
archaea membranes contain different lipids
Archaea aren’t affected by antibiotics
Archaea live in harsh environments, don’t affect people
Bacteria have both helpful and harmful effects on humans

18
Q

Prok act as decomposers

A

Prok supply raw materials and help maintain balance in the environment by helping decompose dead organisms

19
Q

Prok act as producers

A

Food chains depend of prok as producers of food and organic material

20
Q

Nitrogen fixation performed by prok

A

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas into into ammonia, which can be converted into nitrates or attached to amino acids

21
Q

Nitrogen fixation performed by prok

A

Nitrogen fixation converts nitrogen gas into into ammonia, which can be converted into nitrates for plants or attached to amino acids for all organisms

22
Q

Ways we use prok

A

Prokaryotic cells are used in fermentation processes, agriculture. Some prokaryotes also help digest food or can be used to help certain bacterial infecitons

23
Q

What did we do in the yogurt lab

A

We infected milk with bacteria, which then ferment the milk, causing it to turn into yogurt.

24
Q

Why did we do the yogurt lab

A

We did the yogurt lab to gain a better understanding of the bacterial infection process. The lab also proves that a certain kind of bacteria causes milk to turn into yogurt.