Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses Flashcards
what are prokaryotes
single-celled organisms
Draw a bacterial cell
What’s the DNA like in a prokaryotic cell
it floats freely (not in a nucleus), circular DNA, one long coiled up stand
what is the function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells
rotates so that prokaryotic cells move
what’s the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells
small loop of dna, contain cells for things like antibiotics
what’s the function of capsules in prokaryotic cells, what’s it made from
made up of secreted slime which helps protect the bacteria for attack by cells of the immune system
what’s the function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells, what’s it made from
to prevent the shape from changing, made from a polymer called murien, which is a glycoprotein (a protein which carbohydrates attach to)
what’s the function of cell membrane in prokaryotic cells
controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
what does the cytoplasm contain in prokaryotic cells
ribosomes
what is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells
production of proteins
function of cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells
house and maintain an optimal environment for the cellular organelles, carry out complex metabolic reactions which include protein synthesis and energy production
what is the process called by which prokaryotic cells replicate
binary fission
Steps 1-4 of binary fission
1.Circular dna and plasmids replicate (dna only replicates once whereas plasmids can replicate multiple times)
2.Cell gets bigger and the dna moves to opposite “poles”
3.The cytoplasm begins to divide
4.Two daughter cells are formed (1 copy of circular dna and a variable number of plasmids)
structure of viruses
-genetic material (dna or rna)
-capsid (protein coat)
-attachment proteins
purpose of viruses
to invade and reproduce in host cells
