Prologue(1-16) Flashcards
(37 cards)
Plato
(Student of Socrates)- Mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, and knowledge is innate born within us
Pyschology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Socrates
Concluded that mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies, and knowledge is innate born within us
Aristotle
(Student of Socrates)- Soul is not separable from the body, and the same holds good of particular parts of the soul
Descartes
Believes in the same ideals as Plato & Socrates, and “Minds being entirely distinct from the body” and able to survive its death
Francis Bacon
Introduced Scientific Method, implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation
John Locke
Adapted the Theory of Tabula Rasa, believe humans start off with a blank slate and we build our experience through experience, father of Empiricism
Empiricism
The view that a knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and science flourishes through observation and experiment
Wilhelm Wundt
Opened first laboratory for psychology in Leipzig, Germany
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure if the human mind
Edward Titchener
Introduced & brought structuralism to U.S. and opened first U.S. lab in Cornell
Introspection
Self-Reflective (Looking Inward)
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
William James
Developed Functionlism- focused on how mental & behavioral process function(Wrote Principles of Psychology)
Mary Calkins
(Student of James) Pioneer the way of psychology for women, first women president of the American Psychology Association(APA)
Margaret Floy Washburn
First women to receive a PH. D in psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
Nature-Nurture Issue
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions the genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Natural Selection
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Levels of analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
Evolutionary Perspective
How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes
Behavior Genetics Perspective
How much our genes and our environment influences our individual difference
Neuroscience Perspective
How the body & brain enable emotional, memories and sensory experience
Psychodynamic Perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives & conflicts
