prologue/chapters 1,2,4

Question 1

Behavioral/Learning Perspective

Answer 1

Assumes behavior is learned, mental processes not important

reward/punishment

Question 2

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 2

Mental processes in judgement, memory, decisions, et.

Experimental method - influences about processes

Question 3

Neuroscience Perspective

Answer 3

Behavior/mental processes are genetic

role of genes, brain, hormones

Question 4

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 4

behavior - bc of natural selection

study adaptive value of behavior

sociobiology/behavioral genetics

Question 5

Social-Cultural Perspective

Answer 5

human behavior varies across situations/cultures

environment - big effect

Question 6

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 6

behavior - unconscious struggles

case study - hidden fears/desires

important in personality/clinical psychology

Question 7

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 7

phenomenological approach

people choose

potential for personal growth

Question 8

Theory

Answer 8

Integrated set of principles that explain/predict observable event

Question 9

Hypothesis

Answer 9

Testable prediction about relationship

Question 10

Falsifiable

Answer 10

Tested by collecting evidence

Question 11

Parsimonious

Answer 11

simplest explanation

Question 12

Conceptual variable

Answer 12

Conceived at abstract level

Question 13

Operational definition

Answer 13

definition of C.V.

Question 14

Case Study

Answer 14

intense examination of particular individual/situation

Question 15

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 15

no interference or manipulation

Question 16

Survey

Answer 16

Questions to attain beliefs, attitudes, etc.

Question 17

Experiment

Answer 17

Random assignment, dep/ind variables, constant, cause and effect

Question 18

Correlational coefficient

Answer 18

-1 to +1, shows strength/direction of relationship (third variables can come into play)

Question 19

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 19

Summarize data set

Question 20

Inferential Statistics

Answer 20

Likeliness that data not due to chance, statistical significance

Question 21

Neurons

Answer 21

Units of nervous system, have ability to communicate w/ each other (aka nerve cells)

Question 22

Action Potential

Answer 22

gets shot down through axon

Question 23

Axon

Answer 23

Normally polarized, have action potential, changes can suddenly depolarize it, all or none, can fire rapidly

Question 24

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 24

when action potential reaches end of axon, it causes the release of neurotransmitters into neural synapse

neurotransmitters bind to receptors on dendrite of other neurons

causes changes in dendrite of receiving neuron, resulting in depolarization, spreads down into that neuron and the process starts over

Question 25

Neurotransmitters

Answer 25

Dopamine/Seratonin/Endorphins (Endorphins bind to same receptors as opiates, "endogenous morphine", pain relief/mood elevation)

Question 26

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 26

Not encased in bone carries out sensory/motor functions includes somatic/autonomic systems

Question 27

Somatic System

Answer 27

Part of PNS transmits messages from senses to CNS and from CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 28

Autonomic System

Answer 28

Part of PNS messages between CNS and involuntary organs contains sympathetic/parasympathetic systems

Question 29

Sympathetic System

Answer 29

Part of Autonomic Systtem mobilizes body for action in face of stress

Question 30

Parasympathetic System

Answer 30

Part of Autonomic System regulates functions to conserve energy

Question 31

Central Nervous System

Answer 31

Spinal Cord/Brain Encased in bone central processing unit of body controls all thinking

Question 32

Spinal Cord

Answer 32

receives signals from peripheral senses, relays to brain carries signals from brain to muscles directs simple behavior without brain (reflexes)

Question 33

Brain Stem

Answer 33

Medulla/Pons Older brain structure blood pressure, heart rate, breathing

Question 34

Reticular formation

Answer 34

older brain structure filters incoming info, involved in attention/arousal

Question 35

Thalamus

Answer 35

older brain structure relays signals from senses to brain makes sense of incoming info

Question 36

Cerebellum

Answer 36

older brain structure processes sensory input controls coordinated movements/balance

Question 37

Limbic System

Answer 37

controls basic emotions/drives

Question 38

Amygdala

Answer 38

in limbic system emotional significance

Question 39

Hippocampus

Answer 39

forms new memories regulates hunger, thirst, sex drives, attention/arousal

Question 40

Cerebral cortex

Answer 40

wrinkled outer surface of brain newest part of brain anatomical areas - frontal, pariental, temporal, and occipital lobes functional areas - motor, somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortexes

Question 41

Left hemisphere of brain

Answer 41

controls right side of body languages production/comprehension

Question 42

Right hemisphere of brain

Answer 42

left side of body spatial relations, drawing shapes

Question 43

Genotype

Answer 43

organisms's genetic makeup w/ respect to a trait

Question 44

Phenotype

Answer 44

visible form of trait