Prominent Figures Flashcards
(40 cards)
SISTINE CHAPEL MURAL
David
Michelangelo
Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg
Parachute - “Flying Man”
Fausto Veranzio
Salt added to the trinity of alchemical elements (sulfur and mercury)
Paracelsus
Has a 3-story observatory built in Samarkand, Uzbekistan between 1424 and 1429 able to produce star charts
Ulugh Beg (1420)
Founded the theory of Heliocentric
Nicolaus Copernicus
Observed that comets move in space, measuring the year to an accuracy of a single second and as a result, Gregorian calendar goes into publication in 1582.Discovered the “Tycho’s Star” or the “Star of 1572”
Proposed a system in which the sun and moon orbited the earth, while the other planets orbited in the sun
Crater Tycho on the moon is named after him, and the crater Tycho Brahe on Mars
Tycho Brahe (1572)
States that the moon controls the tides on earth. Based on mathematics, he also stated that the earth rotates around the sun. He also came up with three laws of planetary motion. Cosmographic Mystery
Johannes Kepler (1594)
He was the first person to study the sky with a telescope. Discovered the first moons ever known to orbit a planet other than Earth. Jupiter’s four largest moons, which he discovered: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Discovered that Venus has phases. Discovered the rings of Saturn.Discovered our moon has mountains
Discovered that the Milky Way is made up of stars
He was the first person ever to see the planet Neptune.
Galileo Galilei (1609)
described human anatomy of the brain and other organs
Andreas Vesalius
Refined and complete description of the circulatory system
Materiae medicae and pharmacopoeiae - most useful tomes in medicine used by students and professionals
William Harvey
Portraits of Living Plants
A botanical work that employed freshly drawn illustration from living plants
Otto Brunfels
Published books On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet the Earth in 1600, which laid the foundations of a theory of magnetism and electricity.
William Gilbert (1544 – 1603)
Published Novum Organum in 1620, which outlined a new system of logic based on the process of reduction, which he offered as an improvement over Aristotle’s philosophical process of syllogism
He was a pivotal figure in establishing the scientific method of investigation
Sir Francis Bacon (1546 – 1601)
Published his Discourse on the Method in 1637, which helped to establish the scientific method
Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650)
Constructed a powerful single lens microscopes and made extensive observations that he published around 1660, opening up the micro-world of biology
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723)
Built upon the work of Kepler and Galileo showed that an inverse square law for gravity explained the elliptical orbits of the planets, advanced the law of universal gravitation, theorized his axiomatic three laws of motion.
Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
Introduced the term “Scientific Revolution” centering his analysis on Galileo, and the term was popularized by Butterfield in his Origins of Modern Science
Alexandre Koyre (20th century)
Recognized founder of empiricism -
Proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689)
Argued that the human mind was created as a tabula rasa, a “blank tablet”
John Locke
Considered to have refined the modern scientific method for alchemy and to have separated chemistry further from alchemy -
Regarded today as the first modern chemist best known for Boyle’s Law – presented in 1662
Built an Air pump
Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
Spectacle makers of Alkmaarall who contributed to the invention of refracting telescopes which first appeared in Netherlands 1608
Hans Lippershey, Zacharias Janssen, Jacob Metius
Best known for his invention of the mercury barometer
Evangelista Torricelli (1607-1647)
proposed the “Theory of Relativity”
Albert Einstein
He proposed natural selection as an explanation of evolution, published in “On the Origin of Species” in 1859
Charles Darwin
