Properties of fluids and flows Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the difference between oscillatory and unidirectional flows?
Oscillatory flows is waves. Unidirectional flows is currents.
What is a non-turbulent fluid?
Laminar.
What is the Froude number of a fluid?
It indicates how fast waves propagates in shallow water.
under 1 = rapid (supercritical) flow
over 1 = tranquil (subcritical) flow
When does a hydraulic jump occur?
When there is a sharp transition between rapid flow and tranquil flow.
Goes from very fast flow, to slower and less pressure.
What is shown in the Hjulström-Sundborg diagram?
How much energy it takes to move different grain sizes.
In general, a river’s energy will decrease downstream because the slope decreases from source to mouth.
What does the Hjulström diagram relate to?
It relates the mean velocity of flow in a river to the grain size of the bed particles.
What is the Shields curve?
A general sediment movement curve that includes all the physical and dynamic parameters of the fluid and sediment.
What differentiates a mudflow from a turbidity flow?
The amount of sediment diluted in the water.
A mudflow is a type of mass wasting where a dense, cohesive slurry of mud and water flows downslope under the influence of gravity, while a turbidity flow is a type of underwater density current driven by the gravity-induced movement of sediment-laden water downslope.
What is the brine concentration?
Brine refers to the salt solutions in water, the typical concentration of seawater is 3.5%
What is Walthers law?
Progradation and retrogradation and how it can be seen in the strata
Progradation: If you start with seawater and end with shallowwater deposit when you go up, you have a had a regression
Retrogradation: If you start with shallowwater and end with seawater deposit when you go up, you have a had a transgression
