Properties Of Water Flashcards
What is a hydrogen bond?
Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds (weaker than covalent and ionic bonds) that form between water molecules due to the polarity of water molecules. The attraction between water molecules form hydrogen bonds.
Can hydrogen bonds be broken?
An increased amount of hydrogen bonds makes it more difficult for water molecules to change state.
In order for water molecules to change state and hydrogen bonds to be broken, energy (high specific heat) must be inputted into the molecule.
What is electronegativity in water molecules?
Water molecules are polar covalent bonds. Water is polar because of electronegativity. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen and there is a greater attraction between the positive nucleus of oxygen and the negative electrons of hydrogen causing the electron to be pulled closer to the nucleus of the oxygen atom.
What is polarity in water molecules?
Due to electronegativity, hydrogen has a slightly positive charge while oxygen has a slightly negative charge. The asymmetrical shape of the molecule means water has two poles (positive and negative). The unequal sharing of electrons causes water to be polar. The partially negative oxygen will allow it to attract positive atoms while the partially positive hydrogen will allow it to attract negative atoms.
What is an intramolecular bond?
An intramolecular bond is a bond that forms inside one molecule. It is the force that holds atoms together in a molecule.
What is an intermolecular bond?
Intermolecular bonds are the forces that exist between molecules.
How does hydrogen bonds impact the state of water?
Less hydrogen bonds = the easier it is for water to change states
More hydrogen bonds = more difficult for water to change states
What does the polarity of water allow it to do (“like dissolves like”)?
A polar covalent bond is when elements share electrons unevenly and form asymmetrically shaped molecules. Water’s polarity allows it to dissolve other polar substances and interact with both ionic and covalent molecules. Since “like dissolves like” polar molecules are able to attract other polar molecules/ions and are able to dissolve them.
What is it important that water is a solvent (dissolver)?
Water is found in tissues, fluids in your spine, and the plasma of your blood. We are water-based organisms. The properties of water allows it to dissolve things (ions and molecules) so it can transport the materials to different parts of our bodies.
What is cohesion?
Cohesion is the attraction between like molecules (molecules of the same type). Cohesion is the process of water molecules being attracted due to hydrogen bonding which results in a dome-shape.
What is adhesion?
Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and any other types/dissimilar molecules. Water is attracted to other substances/surface materials/molecules due to adhesion.
What is polarity?
Polarity is the unequal sharing of electrons which makes water a polar molecule. Hydrogen bonds can’t exist unless the molecule is polar.
Why can water dissolve ions?
Water can dissolve ions because there is a positive and negative charge in ions and a positive and negative charge in water. Ions will disassociate due to the attraction (opposite charges attract)
What is high specific heat?
High specific heat is the amount of energy required to break hydrogen bonds.
What is capillary action?
Capillary action is the attraction between water molecules (cohesion) and the attraction between water molecules and the walls of surface, such as blood vessels, (adhesion) that enables the upwards movement against gravity of water. In the body, blood is able to move through capillaries upwards and against the force of gravity to transport blood throughout your body.
