Proprioception Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

_______ comprise the main bulk of
skeletal muscle, which generate force during
muscle contraction

A

extrafusal fibers

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2
Q

each extrafusal fiber is part of a motor unit that is

innervated by a particular ______

A

alpha motor neuron

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3
Q

level of activation of each extrafusal fiber
is determined by the ______ it
receives from the alpha motor neuron

A

strength of signaling

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4
Q

strength of signaling from alpha motor

neurons is determined through _______of the multiple inputs

A

synaptic

integration

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5
Q

the functional state of a muscle is dependent on what two properties

A

length and active tension

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6
Q

_____ determines joint angles

and/or angles of joint rotation

A

muscle length

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7
Q

_____ provides counteracting
force against the external load to stabilize
joint positions

A

active tension

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8
Q

A functional state of a muscle, reflects a ______ between muscle activation, and load against the muscle

A

continuous interaction

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9
Q

Determined by the accumulation of signals (excitatory/inhibitory) that provide input to alpha motor neurons innervating the the muscle

A

level of muscle activation

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10
Q

To establish proper length and tension of a muscle requires sensory awareness that is provide by what kind of peripheral receptor

A

proprioceptive receptors

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11
Q

What are the two proprioceptors in muscles

A

Muscle Spindles

Golgi Tendon Organ

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12
Q

Intrafusal muscles are innervated by what kind of neuron

A

gamma motor neuron

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13
Q

Golgi tendon are located where

A

in muscle tendons

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14
Q

Reports muscle length and changes in length

A

Muscle splindles

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15
Q

What depolarizes muscle spindle fibers

A

stretching of the muscle

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16
Q

_____ from the sensory neurons is proportional to the amount of stretch

A

rate of firing

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17
Q

What are the two different types of intrafusal fibers found with muscle spindles

A

Nuclear bag fibers

Nuclear Chain fibers

18
Q

Large diameter, myelinated, fast conducting afferent fibers

19
Q

Intermediate diameter, meylinated, relatively fast conduction afferent

20
Q

____ fibers are slowly adapting and mainly report static length

21
Q

____ fibers are rapidly adapting and mainly report changes in length

22
Q

_____ modulates the sensitivity of muscle spindles to length and changes in length

A

Fusimotor system

23
Q

Respond to dynamic phase of stretch

A

Dynamic gamma mot neurons

24
Q

Respond to static phase of stretch

A

Static gamma motor neurons

25
What happens if a muscle spindle becomes unloaded
muscle spindles may stop signaling
26
Why is co-activation of gamma and alpha motoneurons needed
to prevent muscle spindles from becoming unloaded
27
What enhances the stimulus of the muscle
Fusimotor system
28
Reports force and tension generated by muscle
Golgi tendon organ
29
Golgi tendon organs give rise to what kind of afferent fibers
Type Ib afferent fibers
30
Output from the golgi tendon organ is____ in proportion to the amount of stretch to the nerve ending
Graded
31
Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organ provide input for what reflexes
spinal motor reflexes
32
A stereotypic motor response to a particular sensory input
Motor Reflex
33
____ reflex in response to input from muscle spindles
Myotatic reflex
34
____ reflex in response to input from Golgi tendon organs
Inverse myotatic reflex
35
The myotatic reflex provides ____ inputs to alpha motor neurons in response to muscle lengthening
Excitatory inputs
36
Reflex contributes to stabilization of muscle length by activating muscle shortening
Myotatic reflex
37
The inverse myotatic reflex provides ____ inputs to alpha motor neurons in response to increase in muscle tension
inhibitory inputs
38
Reflex contributes to stabilization of muscle tension by releasing muscle tension
inverse myotatic reflex
39
The sensory feedback provided by myotatic and inverse myotatic reflexes serve to create balance between what?
Agonists and antagonists muscle pairs
40
______ innervation contributes to appropriate balancing between agonist and antagonists
Reciprocal innervation