Prosocial behaviour

Question 1

What is Social Exchange Theory (Blau, 1964)

Answer 1

Human interactions are most accurately described as social transactions between people, where people exchange rewards and costs.

Question 2

What are the internal rewards to help?

Answer 2

1. guilt reduction
2. emotion: feel-bad/good/emotionally confused, do good

Question 3

Why do we help?

Answer 3

1. SET
2. Social norm
3. Evolutionary explanation
4. Empathy altruism hypothesis

Question 4

What are the social norms that lead people to help?

Answer 4

1. Reciprocity norm (Gouldner, 1960)
2. Social responsibility norm
3. Social role theory (Eagly & Crowley, 1986)

Question 5

What are the evolutionary explanations that lead people to help?

Answer 5

1. Kin protection: help biological relatives
2. Filial piety: children take care their parents

Question 6

What is empathy altruism hypothesis (Batson et al., 1987)

Answer 6

We help people if we feel empathy, then we have altruistic motivation to help;
if we help people because we feel distress, we have egoistic motivation to reduce own distress

Question 7

What is bystander effect (Darley & Latané, 1986)?

Answer 7

The expectation that others will help. People will more likely to help when alone than company of others.

Question 8

Why will bystander effect occur?

Answer 8

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 9

What factors will affect helping behaviour?

Answer 9

A. Number of bystander
B. When observe someone else does
C. Time pressure
D. Similarity
E. Online

Question 10

How to increase helping behaviour?

Answer 10

1. Decrease anonymity, increase responsibility
2. Induce guilt
3. Concern for self image
4. Socialize alrtruism