Prostate cancer

Question 1

Define

Answer 1

primary malignant neoplasm of the prostate gland

Question 2

Cause/ risk factors

Answer 2

UNKNOWN

Risk Factors

• Age
• Afro-Caribbean
• Family history
• Dietary factors
• Occupational exposure to cadmium

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

COMMON

2nd most common cause of male cancer deaths

Question 4

Symptoms

Answer 4

Often ASYMPTOMATIC

Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction

• Frequency
• Hesitancy
• Poor stream
• Terminal dribbling
• Nocturia

Metastatic Spread

• Bone pain
• Cord compression
• Systemic symptoms: malaise, anorexia, weight loss
• Paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g. hypercalcaemia)

Question 5

Signs

Answer 5

Asymmetrical hard nodular prostate

Loss of midline sulcus

Answer 6

Bloods

• FBC
• U&Es
• PSA

NOTE: not a very specific test for prostate cancer

• Acid phosphatase
• LFTs
• Bone profile

CT/MRI Scan

• Assesses extent of local invasion and lymph node involvement

Transrectal Ultrasound and Needle Biopsy

Isotope Bone Scan - check for bone metastases