Prosthetic Valves Flashcards
(29 cards)
1
Q
The most common symptom of infective endocarditis is:
A. chest pain
B. Dyspnea
C. Orthopnea
D. Fever
A
D. Fever
2
Q
The complications of infective endocarditis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Congestive heart failure B. Embolization C. Valve ring abscess D. Annular calcification
A
D. Annular calcification
3
Q
Infective endocarditis is a greater risk in patients with: A. Atrial fibrillation B. Coronary artery disease C. Left ventricular aneurysm D. Prosthetic heart valve
A
D. Prosthetic heart valve
4
Q
A patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse presents to the echo lab with complaints of fever, night sweats and weight loss. The most likely explanation is: A. Congestive heart failure B. Coronary artery disease C. Infective endorcarditis D. Kawasaki disease
A
C. Infective endocarfditis
5
Q
The classic manifestation of infective endocarditis is cardiac valve: A. Vegetation B. Doming C. Sclerosis D. Tumor
A
A. Vegetation
6
Q
The usual site of attachment for vegetations on the mitral valve and tricuspid valve is the:
A. Annulus
B. Atrial side of the valve leaflets
C. Papillary muscles
D. Ventricular surface of the valve leaflets
A
B. Atrial side of the valve leaflets
7
Q
The vegetation diameter as determined by 2D echo that is most often associated with systemic emboli is: A. 3 mm B. 5 mm C. 7 mm D. 10 mm
A
D. 10 mm
8
Q
The essential 2D echo finding of valve ring abscess secondary to infective endocarditis may be best described as: A. Echolucent B. Mural C. Pedunculated D. Sessile
A
A. Echolucent
9
Q
Valve ring abscess is usually cause by: A. Infective endocarditis B. Rheumatic fever C. Valvular prolapse D. Valvular regurgitation
A
A. Infective Endocarditis
10
Q
The test of choice for diagnosing the presence of vegetation and thee complications of infective endocarditis is: A. Transthoracic echocardiography B. Transesophageal echocardiography C. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging D. Cardiac catheterization
A
B. Transesophageal echocardiography
11
Q
All of the following are types of prosthetic valve types EXCEPT: A. Bioprosthetic (tissue) B. Mechanical (metal) C. Homograft (allograft) D. Native
A
D. Native
12
Q
All of the following are bioprosthetic (tissue) valves EXCPET: A. Starr-Edwards B. Edwards Perimount C. Medtronic Intact D. Hancock
A
A Starr- Edwards
13
Q
A pulmonic valve relocated to the aortic valve position is called a(n): A. Allograft B. Autograft C. Heterograft D. Xenograft
A
B. Autograft
14
Q
Which two cardiac valves need to be evaluated carefully in a patient with the Ross procedure? A. Mitral valve; tricuspid valve B. Aortic valve; pulmonic valve C. Mitral valve; aortic valve D. Aortic valve; tricuspid valve
A
B. Aortic valve; pulmonic valve
15
Q
The primary disadvantage of the bioprosthetic (tissue) valve is: A. Thrombus formation B. Lack of durability C. Pannus formation D. Dehiscence
A
B. Lack of durability
16
Q
All of the following are mechanical valves EXCEPT: A. Starr Edwards B. St. Jude C. Hancock D. CarboMedics
A
C. Hancock
17
Q
The primary disadvantage of the mechanical valve is: A. Dehiscence B. Pannus ingroth C. Thrombogenicity D. Durability
A
C. Thrombogenicity
18
Q
The most common ball and cage valve is the: A. Starr-Edwards B. Omniscience C. St Jude D. Medtronic Hall
A
A. Starr-Edwards
19
Q
The most common bileaflet tilting disc valve is the: A. St. Jude B. Starr-Edwards C. Medtronic-Hall D. Omiscience
A
A. St Jude
20
Q
A prosthetic heart valve that is associated with a relatively high rate of outlet strut fracture and disc embolism is the: A. Bjork-Shiley B. Carpentier-Edwards C. Starr-Edwards D. Omiscience
A
A. Bjork Shiley
21
Q
Abnormal rocking motion of a prosthetic valve by 2D echo indicates prosthetic valve: A. Dihiscence B. Stenosis C. Thrombus D. Vegetation
A
A. Dihiscence
22
Q
The excessive ingrowth of tissue for a prosthetic valve is called. A. Thrombus B. Vegetation C. Pannus D. Dehiscence
A
C. Pannus
23
Q
Complications associated with prosthetic valve disfunction include all of the following EXCPET: A. Dehiscence B. Leaflet degeneration C. Thrombus D. Tumor
A
D. Tumor
24
Q
All of the following should be determined when evaluating a prosthetic valve with cardiac Doppler EXCEPT: A. Peak velocity B. Mean pressure gradient C. Effective orifice area D. Shunt ratio
A
D. Shunt ratio
25
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Cardiac Doppler evaluation of a prosthetic mitral valve should include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Effective oriface area
B. Peak mitral valve A wave velocity
C. Peak and mean pressure gradients
D. Pressure half-time
```
B. Peak mitral valve A wave velocity
26
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The best DOPPLER formula for calculating the effective oriface area (EOA) in a patient with mitral valve replacement is:
A. 4 x V2^2
B. 4 x (V2^2-V1^2)
C. (CSA LVOT x VTI LVOT) / VTI MV
D. 220 / PHT
```
C. (CSA LVOT x VTI LVOT) / VTI MV
27
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The determination of prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation and prosthetic tricuspid valve regurgitation is made difficult by the artifact called:
A. Slice thickness
B. Shadowing
C. Mirroring
D. Enhancement
```
B. Shadowing
28
The best Doppler method for evaluating aortic valve replacement is probably:
A. Deceleration slope
B. Maximum peak instantaneous pressure gradient
C. Pressure halt time
D. Velocity ratio
D. Velocity ratio
29
All of the following are true statements concerning prosthetic valves EXCEPT:
A. A baseline study should be obtained post-surgery
B. Velocities depend upon the size
D. Prosthetic valve regurgitation is always abnormal
