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Radiographic Protection and Radiobiology > Protection of personnel (occupationally exposed) > Flashcards

Protection of personnel (occupationally exposed) Flashcards

1
Q

When must a worker be declared a radiation worker and monitor thier radiation exposures with the use of a personal dosimeter?
a. Those who are likely to recieve over 500 mSv/year
b. Those who have accompanied a patient during thier proceedure
c. Those who are likely to recieve a radiation dose in excess of 1/20th of the whole-body dose limit

A

C

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2
Q

True or false?

When a protective apron is worn, a personal dosimeter must be worn above the apron.

A

False, must be worn under the apron

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3
Q

Where should TLDs be worn in floro?

A

Under apron and over apron

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4
Q

Why is a larger EqD allowed for radiation workers?

A
  1. The workforce in radiation-related jobs is small when compared with the population as a whole
  2. The amont of raditation recieved by this workforce can be larger than the amount recieved by general public without alteration in the genetically significant dose (GSD)
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5
Q

Why must the EqD be minimized for radiation workers?

A
  1. To reduce the potential for somatic damage
  2. To reduce the potential for Genetic (hereditary) damage
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6
Q

What is the most effective means of protection from ionizing radiation?

A

Distance

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7
Q

What law applys to radiation dose and distance?

A

The inverse square law

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8
Q

For mobile x ray units, the cord leading to the exposure switch must be long enough to permit the radiographer to stand how far from the patient, tube and useful beam?

A

The cord must be at least 3m (6feet)

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9
Q

At what angle should the radiographer attempt to stand in relation to the patient/scattering object?

A

At a 90 degree angle to the patient

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10
Q

How much is the scattered x ray intenisty reduced at a distance of 1m?

A

It is approximately 1/1000th of the intensity of the primary x ray beam

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11
Q

If there is no protective barrier, what protection must be put into place?

A
  1. Proper PPE (lead apron)
  2. Stand 90 degrees to the tube (at a right angle to the patient)
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12
Q

What is the relationship between the amount of radiation a worker recieves to the lenth of time which the individual is in the path of ionizing radiation?

A

Directly proportional

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13
Q

When is sheilding used for radiation workers?

A

When it is not possible to use the prinicples of time and/or distance to minimize occupational dose

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14
Q

How does filtration decrease a workers occupational dose?

A

The non-useful low-energy photons would interact witht the patients body, increasing scattter that could possibly cause an increase in the radiographers EqD

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15
Q

True or false?

As the avg. E of the beam increases, the percentage of radiation that is forward scattered increases. Therefore, occupational dose is reduced.

A

True; less side scattered raidation is avalible to strike imaging personnel

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16
Q

Does occupational dose decrease for personnel when mAs is lowered? Why?

A

Yes; fewer photons are avalible to produce compton scatter

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17
Q

Which scattered photon has the least amount of energy? Why?

A

The photon travelling at 90 degrees; because the greater the angle of scatter, the more E lost

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18
Q

How many times must scatter before reaching the entrance to the control booth?

A

X-rays should scatter at least twice before enterance

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19
Q

How long should the exposure cord located in the control booth be?

A

Must be short enough that the exposure switch can be operated only when the radiographer is completely behind the control booth barrier

20
Q

What are shadow sheilds?

A

Sheilding that clamps onto the collimator, is flexible, and shows the shadow of where the sheild is protecting

21
Q

Where is the moveable shieling located on a pigg-o-stat

A

Sheilding at the back

22
Q

True or false?

The radiographer may be exposed to secondary radiation (scatter/leakage) while fulfilling thier professional responsibilites associated with diagnostic imaging.

A

True

23
Q

What is the limit of the amount of radiation that a controlled area can be exposed to/year?

A

Same as occupation at DL (20mSv)

24
Q

What are controlled areas?

A

-Occupied ONLY by occupationally exposed
-i.e.; control booth, processing areas, corridors used only by personnel

25
Q

What is the limit of the amount of radiation that an uncontrolled area can be exposed to/year?

A

1 mSv

26
Q

What is an uncontrolled area?

A

Areas where the public/others are located

27
Q

True or false?

Direct radiation exposre of personnel by the primary x ray beam are only allowed in certian circumstances.

A

False; Direct radiation exposre of personnel by the primary x ray beam must never be allowed

28
Q

True or false?

Operators should not hold patients

A

True; (key word is should)

29
Q

True or false?

Pregnant women should not be permitted to assist in holding a patient during an exposure.

A

False; Pregnant women are NEVER to be permitted to assist in holding a patient during an exposure.

30
Q

During x ray examinations, where should the primary beam be directed towards?

A
  1. Unoccupied areas
  2. Primary barriers
31
Q

True or false?

Secondary barriers should never be exposed with a primary beam

A

True

32
Q

Is a control booth a primary or secondary barrier?

A

Secondary

33
Q

Where is the primary protective barrier located in relation to the x ray beam?

A

Perpendicular to the undeflected line of travel of the x ray beam

34
Q

Give some examples of primary barriers:

A
  1. Floor
  2. Wall that is directed from cross table laterals
35
Q

Give some examples of secondary barriers:

A

The wall towards the control panel

36
Q

What is required to be permanently and clearly marked on all protective equipment and apparel?

A

The lead equivalent thickness

37
Q

How often does protective equipment need to be tested?

A

Annually

38
Q

True or false?

Defective equipment should be removed from clinical use.

A

False; MUST be

39
Q

For examinations where the peak x ray tube voltage is 100 kV or less, how much lead is required?

A

.25mm

40
Q

For examinations where the peak x ray tube voltage is greater than 100kV but less than 150 kV, how many mm of lead is required?

A

0.35mm

41
Q

For examinations where the peak x ray tube voltage is 150 or greater, what is the required mm of lead?

A

0.5mm

42
Q

What is the minimum amount of lead sheilding required?

A

0.25mm

43
Q

True or false?

Protective gonad sheilds for patients must have a lead equivalent of at least .25 mm and should have a lead equivalent thickness of .5mm at 150 kVp.

A

True

44
Q

For interventional proceedures where no other protectice devices are used, how thick does lead sheilding need to be in the front and the back of the lead gown?

A

Front: .5mm
Back: .25mm

45
Q

What is bucky slot shielding?

A

In floro rooms, when we push the bucky all the way, the gap in between the table is filled to get rid of scatter radiation

46
Q

Where is the lower potential scatter dose in fluoroscopy located assuming we are doing cross table work?

A

On the side of the patient away from the x ray tube (i.e. the II side)

At a right angle to the II

47
Q

What is better for radiation dose; classic protective glasses, or sport wrap protective glasses? Why?

A

Classic glasses, because they protect you from radiation travelling at an angle

Radiographic Protection and Radiobiology (11 decks)

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