protein

Question 1

protein contain

Answer 1

1. carbon
2. hydrogen
3. oxygen
4. nitrogen

Question 2

BCAA

Answer 2

leucine
isoleucine
valin

Question 3

conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 3

make them from EAA so if we are missing EAA then we cant make CEAA and it becomes essential

Question 4

PKU

Answer 4

tyrosine becomes conditionally essential because you cant have phenyalanine

Question 5

amine group contains

Answer 5

Nitrogen

Question 6

de-amination

Answer 6

remove the nitrogen to use protein as energy or in gluconeogenesis

Question 7

food sources of protein

Answer 7

all foods except oils
-meat
-dairy
-eggs
-legumes
-nuts

Question 8

total protein

Answer 8

20-40 g per meal including snacks

Question 9

PDCAAs

Answer 9

score between 0-0.1
-animal protein close to 1

Question 10

PDCAA dependent on

Answer 10

protein density
EAA density
digestibility

Question 11

protein density

Answer 11

amount of protein per gram of food
20-40 g for athletes

Question 12

leucine

Answer 12

stimulates mTOR all by itself
-leucine - 2.5-3.0 g to stimulate mTOR

Question 13

digestibility

Answer 13

plants are harder to digest because of fiber and decreases bioavailablity

Question 14

complete proteins animal

Answer 14

meat dairy eggs

Question 15

plant complete proteins

Answer 15

quinoa, soy

Question 16

incomplete protein

Answer 16

protein from food sources that is inadequate in 1+ EAA
-usually from lysine or methionine

Question 17

complimentary proteins

Answer 17

combing 2+ incomplete protein food source that together meet complete protein requirements

Question 18

vegtarianism

Answer 18

dont eat meat eggs or dairy

Question 19

lacto-ovo vegetarian

Answer 19

includes eggs and dairy

Question 20

veganism

Answer 20

dont eat animal derived food

Question 21

possible deficiencies of vegetarianism or vegan

Answer 21

-protein
-b12
-vitamin D
- omega 3 fats
-iron
-creatine

Question 22

HCL causes protein to

Answer 22

unfold
- gives protease better access to peptide bonds

Question 23

proteases

Answer 23

break peptide bonds
results in - tri-dipeptides and amino acids

Question 24

protein use in a muscle cell in non protein nitrogen synthesis

Answer 24

turn AA into creatine and neurotransmitters

Question 25

protein used in a muscle cell

Answer 25

enters krebs cycle and converted to fat
-have to be deaminated

Question 26

functions of protein

Answer 26

1. reservoir of amino acids
2. hormones
3. neurotransmitters
4. transporters
5. triggers for signaling cascades
6. non- protein nitrogen molecules
7. immunity
8. enzymes
9. movement
10. energy

Question 27

function of protein: hormones

Answer 27

peptide hormones
- insulin, glucagon, growth hormone

Question 28

function of proteins: neurotransmitters

Answer 28

communication between cells at synapse
- serotonin made from tryptophan
- norepinephrine made from tyrosine

Question 29

function of proteins: triggers for signaling cascades

Answer 29

muscle protein synthesis
leucine stimulates mTOR

Question 30

functions of protein: enzymes

Answer 30

bioenergetics
adaptions
mTOR, AMPK, SIRT1
PGC1-alpha

Question 31

function of protein: energy

Answer 31

secondary backup source
- de amination
- directly into krebs
-gluconeogenesis

Question 32

adaptions to training and performance

Answer 32

stimulus - trigger
- signals transcription and translation which signals
- increase mRNA
- if there are enough amino acids then it increases protein adaptions

Question 33

total protein allow for enough amino acid for transcription and translation

Answer 33

1.2-2.7 g/kgbw
1.2-2.4 for athletes

Question 34

What is the leucine trigger

Answer 34

2.5-3.0 g

Question 35

endurance athletes have a high caloric expenditure and the rely on ___

Answer 35

amino acids
BCAA oxidation - leucine, isoleucine, valine

Question 36

dietary amino acid recommendations

Answer 36

20-40g

Question 37

if you train low then ___ is stimulated

Answer 37

AMPK

Question 38

transamination

Answer 38

the action of de amination to be able to use it

Question 39

glucagon

Answer 39

decrease blood glucose because of low glycogen

Question 40

cortisol

Answer 40

hormone that stimulates proteolysis

Question 41

gluconeogenesis is stimulated by

Answer 41

exercise, training, starvation
-which leads to proteolysis
- which leads to big pool of amino acid in the blood
- transports that into the liver
-and glucose goes back into the blood

Question 42

glucose alanine cycle is stimulated by

Answer 42

high-intensity exercise
prolonged exercise
fasting/starvation
increase glucagon and cortisol

Question 43

alanine transports

Answer 43

NH2
-ends up in liver where it is de- aminated to pyruvate and then NH2 to urea

Question 44

glucose alanine cycle

Answer 44

uses keto acids in krebs cycle
- alanine de aminated into pyruvate then converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis and back to glycolysis

Question 45

EAA used least our body

Answer 45

tryptophan