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Protein Flashcards

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1
Q

has 2 differing charges

A

Zwitterion

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2
Q

Proteins differ in their pI values, but for most proteins it
occurs in the pH range of

A

5.5 to 8

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3
Q

are those that generate
precursors of glucose such as pyruvate or citric acid
cycle intermediates.

A

Glucogenic amino acid

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4
Q

are degraded to acetyl-CoA
such as leucine or lysine.

A

Ketogenic amino acid

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5
Q

PLASMA PROTEINS

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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6
Q

It serves as transport protein for T4 and retinol (vitamin A) - by complexing with retinol-binding
protein.

A

Pre albumin (transthyretin)

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7
Q

It migrates ahead of albumin.

A

Pre albumin

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8
Q

It has considerable ß-pleated sheet conformation.

A

Pre albumin

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9
Q

Marker of malnutrition

A

Pre albumin

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10
Q

It is the most abundant protein in the
plasma

A

Albumin

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11
Q

It is the protein present in highest concentration in plasma It is synthesized
in the liver.

A

Albumin

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12
Q

Dye Binding methods for albumin measurements employ (most sensitive)

A

Bromcresol green

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13
Q

It serves as circulating reservoir of amino acids.

A

Albumin

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14
Q

Negative acute phase reactant

A

Albumin
Pre albumin
Transferrin

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15
Q

It neutralizes trypsin-like enzymes (like neutrophil elastase) - this enzyme is released
from WBCs to combat infection but it can also destroy alveoli which can lead to
emphysema.

A

A1 antitrypsin

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16
Q

Most abundant protein in fetal serum

A

A-fetoprotein

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17
Q

It is a glycoprotein; migrates between albumin and a-1 globulin band.

A

A-fetoprotein

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18
Q

Maternal serum importance: a fetoprotein

A

Neural tube defect

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19
Q

It has greatest affinity for progesterone; binds quinidine (cardioactive drug).

A

A1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN

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20
Q

It can be determine in pregnancy

A

A1 - acid glycoprotein

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21
Q

Most abundant fraction PSA

A

A1 - antichymotrypsin

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22
Q

Component of amyloid alzhemers disease

A

A1 -antichymotrypsin

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23
Q

It binds heme released by degradation of
hemoglobin - has the strongest affinity for heme.

A

Hemopexin

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24
Q

it exhibits affinity with vitamin D and actin (vitamin
D- binding protein).

A

Group specific component globulin

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25
It binds free hemoglobin by its a chain.
Haptoglobin
26
presence of hemoglobin
Black water fever
27
Copper binding protein
Ceruloplasmin
28
is a marker for Wilson's disease
Ceruloplasmin
29
It is the largest major nonimmunoglobulin protein in plasma.
A2-macroglobulin
30
Marker of kidney disorders
A2-macroglobulin
31
Major inhibitor protease
A2-macroglobulin
32
is found on the surface of most nucleated cells; present in high concentration on lymphocytes.
B2-microglobulin
33
It is needed in the production of CD8 cells.
B2-microglobulin
34
It is a major component of the B2-globulin fraction (electrophoresis).
Transferrin
35
❑It is a glycoprotein, synthesized in the liver; also a negative acute phase reactant.
Transferrin
36
It is used to determine the cause of anemia, to measure iron metabolism and determine the iron-carrying capacity of the blood.
Transferrin
37
is the most abundant antibody found in plasma and lymph
Immunoglobulin G
38
is present mostly on the surface of B cells
Immunoglobulin D
39
is antibody associated with allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
Immunoglobulin E
40
it binds with proteins and lipids forming LDL, HDL, VLDL and chylomicrons.
Lipoprotein
41
is the main antibody found in mucous secretions
Immunoglobulin A
42
is the first antibody that appears in response to antigenic stimulation
Immunoglobulin M
43
one of the acute-phase reactants - markedly increased in inflammatory process.
Fibrinogen
44
is the most abundant form in serum
Complement C3
45
concentration is a convenient marker for assessing disease activity in rheumatic disorders such as RA and SLE.
C3 and C4
46
Heart protein
Myoglobin
47
Primary oxygen carrying protein
Myoglobin
48
gold standard in myocardial
Troponin I
49
MARKER FOR CARDIAC INJURY
Troponin
50
Marker of congestive heart failure
B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
51
It is a low molecular weight protein and a cysteine proteinase inhibitor.
Cystatin c
52
Hard to measure
Cystatin c
53
A fat hormone composed of an N-terminal collagen-like domain and a C-terminal globular domain produced by ADIPOCYTES
Adiponectin
54
MarkersPremature delivery
Fibronectin
55
Kidney problem
B-trace protein
56
marker in detecting impaired renal function
B-trace protein
57
marker of bone resumption
Cross linked c telopeptides
58
Secondary stucture b pleated sheet
Amyloid
59
Microalbuminuria ref value
30-300 ug/mg creatinine
60
Clinical albuminuria ref value
> 300 ug/mg creatinine
61
Method with peptide bond
Buiret
62
It is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by the absence of homogentisate oxidase in the tyrosine pathway.
Alkaptonuria
63
most sensitive marker of urinary protein (folin phenol- blue) level of amino acid
Folin lowy
64
is characterized by markedly reduced or absence of a-ketoacid decarboxylase.
Maple syrup urine disease
65
is an autosomal recessive trait characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydrolase (PAH)/phenylalanine-4-mono- oxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
Phenylketonuria
66
Odor of phenylketonuria
Mousy odor
67
tyrosinemia I enzymes
Fumarylacetoacetate FAA hydrolase
68
Tyrosinemia II enzymes
Tyrosine aminotransferase
69
Tyrosinemia III
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase
70
Lost of protein in urine
Hydroproteinemia
71
the result of the underlying cause, dehydration.
Hyperproteinemia
72
TOTAL NITROGEN method used
Kjeldahl method
73
Not used method in the clinical laboratory (time consuming)
Kjeldahl method
74
is the most widely used method and the one recommended for the determination of total protein
Buiret
75
are based on the ability of most proteins in serum to bind dyes
Dye binding
76
Digestion of protein; measurement of nitrogen content
Kjeldahl
77
Formation of violet-colored chelate between Cu?+ ions and peptide bonds
Buiret
78
is a process wherein filter paper is used as an anticonvection support medium thus permitting separation of the protein fractions into discrete bands or zones.
Zonal electrophoresis
79
STANDARD DYES USED IN ELECTROPHORESIS a. For serum protein electrophoresis
➢Coomasie Brilliant Blue ➢Ponceau S ➢Amido Black
80
STANDARD DYES USED IN ELECTROPHORESIS For lipoprotteins
Sudan black Oil red o
81
STANDARD DYES USED IN ELECTROPHORESIS For glycoproteins
Periodic add schiff
82
It is based on the charge of proteins which binds to heads of a charged support medium.
Ion exchange chromatography
83
fastest band - most anodal protein
Albumin 1 band
84
glycoproteins, AAT, AAG, thyroxine binding-globulin (TBG). It increases as a non-specific response to inflammation.
Alpha 1 globulin (2 fast band)
85
haptoglobin, AMG, ceruloplasmin
Alpha 2 globulin (3 fast band)
86
transferrin, beta-lipoprotein, hemopexin, complement (C3 and C4), CRP
Beta globulin (4band)
87
immunoglobulin
Gamma-globulin (5 band; slow band)
88
Gamma spike:
Multiple Myeloma
89
Beta-gamma bridging:
Hepatic cirrhosis
90
a2-globulin band spike:
Nephrotic syndrome
91
a1-globulin flat curve:
Juvenile cirrhosis
92
Spikes of a1, a2 and B globulin bands -
Inflammation
93
It is the hereditary absence of albumin or inability to synthesize albumin.
Analbuminemia
94
Albumin/Globulin ratio
1.3-3:1
95
It is the presence of two albumin bands instead of a single band in electrophoresis.
Bisalbuminemia

Final Cc (3 decks)

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