Protein synthesis Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose. DNA is responsible for transmission of genetic characters while RNA is mainly responsible for protein synthesis
What is the central dogma?
The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.
Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (genome)
In prokaryotes, the genome is found in the cytoplasmic region, whereas it is found in the nuclear space in eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic genomes are simple, whereas eukaryotic ones have a complex genome.
Prokaryotic chromosomes have one chromosome, whereas eukaryotic genomes have more than one (multiple) chromosome unit.
Genomes of prokaryotes are smaller in size, whereas eukaryotes have a larger size than prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes do not have repetitive DNA, spacer DNA, non-coding regions, or introns, whereas eukaryotes have these in their genomes.
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (transcription)
Eukaryotic Transcription takes place inside of the Nucleus, while Prokaryotic Transcription takes place in the Cytoplasm. In Eukaryotic Transcription, proteins known as Transcriptional factors are needed, while In Prokaryotic Transcription, no such proteins are needed.
What is the bridge between DNA and protein synthesis?
RNA
Remember
Genes provide the instructions for making specific
proteins.
What happens during transcription?
During transcription, a DNA strand provides a
template for the synthesis of a complementary
RNA strand.
This process is used to synthesize any type of RNA
from a DNA template.
Transcription of a gene produces a messenger
RNA (mRNA) molecule.
What happens during translation?
During translation, the information contained in
the order of nucleotides in mRNA is used to
determine the amino acid sequence of a
polypeptide.
Translation occurs at ribosomes.
Where does transcription happen in eukaroytic cells?
