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Protein Synthesis Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is the complete set of proteins expressed in a cell

A

Proteome

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2
Q

Which codon is the start codon of translation?

A

AUG

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3
Q

What are the three termination codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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4
Q

Which other enzyme has editing function apart from DNA polymerase?

A

Aminoacyl-tRNAs

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5
Q

The direction of RNA translation

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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6
Q

Translation begins at the

A

Start codon

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7
Q

Which codon codes for tryptophan?

A

UGG

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8
Q

Codons that code for amino acids are known as

A

Sense codons

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9
Q

The three stop codons are termed as

A

Nonsense codons

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10
Q

Leucine is coded for by how many different codons

A

6

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11
Q

What codes for methionine?

A

AUG

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12
Q

What is needed for protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome
Aminoacyl-tRNA
Mature mRNA
Soluble protein factors

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13
Q

Transcription is not coupled to translation in bacteria True /False

A

False
They are coupled

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14
Q

What codon is the first in protein synthesis?

A

Methionine codon

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15
Q

Why is the genetic code degenerate?

A

This is because more than one codon codes for each amino acid

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16
Q

Which codon codes for histidine?

A

CAU

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17
Q

What happens when there is a mutation in the first two nucleotides of a codon?

A

There is a change in the amino acid formed

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18
Q

The genetic code is not degenerate.True/ False

A

False

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19
Q

This is the change in the DNA sequence within a gene

A

Mutation

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20
Q

In which mutation is there a change in a single base pair of DNA?

A

Point mutation

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21
Q

In this type of mutation there is a change in DNA but protein expression is unaffected

A

Silent mutation

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22
Q

In this mutation, change in DNA leads to a change in an amino acid

A

mis-sense mutation

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23
Q

In this mutation,change in DNA creates a termination codon

A

Nonsense mutation

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24
Q

In this mutation, changes in DNA eliminates termination codon to add new sequences.

Study These Flashcards
A

Read-through mutations

25
In this mutation, changes in DNA removes or introduce bases thereby change the frame of codon usage
Insertion or deletion mutations
26
Which amino acids have 6 codons that code for each of them?
Serine Arginine Leucine
27
The two parts of ribosomes
The small subunit Large subunit
28
Protein translation is initiated on which subunit of ribosomes
The smaller subunit
29
The three binding sites of ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA site Peptidyl-tRNA site Exit site
30
The movement of the ribosome one codon at a time is called
Translocation
31
The 3’ end of tRNA always has what kind of sequence?
CCA
32
20% of bases are covalently modified. True/False?
True
33
What are the adaptor molecules in translation?
tRNAs
34
Which component of ribosomes have catalytic activity
The rRNA component
35
Which drug confirms the presence of a tetrahedral intermediate being formed during protein synthesis?
Yarus inhibitor
36
Which drug leads to the termination of translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Puromycin
37
What sequence is responsible for prokaryotes being considered as Polycistronic?
The Shine- Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA
38
How is formylmethionine able to find the correct AUG in prokaryotes?
The Shine-Dalgarno sequence forms complementary base pairs with the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA
39
How is the right AUG found by initiator methionine tRNA in eukaryotes?
By locating the Kozak consensus. This is because the AUG codon is found in the Kozak consensus
40
Due to the nature of the initiation signal on the mRNA, eukaryotes are considered as
Monocistronic
41
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42
IF3 is also know as
Dissociation factor
43
What is the function of IF3?
It binds to the small subunit of the ribosome to prevent the premature association of the 50S subunit
44
What is the function of IF1?
It binds to the A site of the ribosome
45
What is the function of IF2?
It binds to the fMet-tRNA and positions it at the P-site
46
What is the function of elongation factor Tu?
It binds to aminoacyl-tRNA with GTP to position the aminoacyl-tRNA at the A site.
47
What is the function of EF-Ts?
It displaces GDP from EF-Tu
48
What is the function of EF-G?
It promotes translocation by binding with GTP to the ribosome
49
What is the function of EF-G?
It promotes translocation by binding with GTP to the ribosome
50
What is the most abundant protein in bacteria?
EF-Tu
51
During termination in Prokaryotes Release Factor(RF) 1 recognizes which stop codons?
UAG and UAA
52
During termination in prokaryotes RF2 recognizes which stop codon?
UGA
53
What is the corresponding EF of EF-Tu in eukaryotes?
eEF1alpha
54
What is the corresponding EF of EF-Ts in eukaryotes?
eEF1B
55
What is the corresponding EF of EF-G in eukaryotes?
eEF2
56
Which release factor is the only factor that is used in protein termination in eukaryotes?
eRF1
57
How is translation regulated in eukaryotes?
When eEF-2 is phosphorylated
58
What substance inactivates eEF-2?
Diphtheria toxin
59
What is the function of release factor 3 of prokaryotes
It recognizes RF1 and RF3 and unbinds them from their stop codons

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