Protein synthesis

Question 1

Template DNA direction?

Answer 1

3’-5’ direction

Question 2

Complementary strand direction?

Answer 2

5’-3’ direction

Question 3

What codon can be found in RNA

Answer 3

mRNA

Question 4

What is codon?

Answer 4

Triple sequence of bases

Question 5

What process generates RNA (or mRNA) from a DNA template?

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

What do you call a short strand if DNA?

Answer 6

Okazaki fragment

Question 7

What process synthesizes proteins using mRNA as a template?

Answer 7

Translation

Question 8

Where does translation occur?

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

This strand occurs in discontinuous manner?

Answer 9

Lagging strand

Question 10

What enzymes unwinds the DNA double helix

Answer 10

Helicase

Question 11

What enzymes adds a short RNA primer to initiate replication

Answer 11

Primase

Question 12

What enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

Answer 12

DNA Polymerase

Question 13

What enzymes joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Answer 13

Ligase

Question 14

What enzymes relieves strain ahead of the replication fork? It prevents over-coiling during replication

Answer 14

Topoisomerase

Question 15

What are the non-proteins?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids

Question 16

In eukaryotic modification, what attaches in the 5’ end?

Answer 16

Methylguanosine cap

Question 17

In eukaryotic modification, what attaches in the 3’ end?

Answer 17

Poly-A tail

Question 18

What agents mutates DNA?

Answer 18

Mutagens

Question 19

What types of nucleotides in the DNA/RNA?

Answer 19

Monophosphate

Question 20

What molecule provides energy and building blocks for lengthening the DNA chain?

Answer 20

Triphosphate

Question 21

How many are codons?

Answer 21

64 codons

Question 22

Which two amino acids are encoded by a single codon each?

Answer 22

Tryptophan and Methionine

Question 23

What are the terminating codons?

Answer 23

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 24

In wobble hypothesis, third base is what?

Answer 24

Irrelevant

Question 25

How many nucleotide bases in tRNA?

Answer 25

75-85 nucleotide bases

Question 26

What enzymes always requires ATP?

Answer 26

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 27

What biological isomers of aa used in protein synthesis?

Answer 27

L-amino acids

Question 28

What drugs can affect translation?

Answer 28

Puromycin

Question 29

Where does protein synthesis occur in prokaryotes?

Answer 29

Cytosol

Question 30

Special type of Topoisomerase II in prokaryotes that can introduce negative supercoils. This only occurs in prokaryotes

Answer 30

Gyrase

Question 31

The primary enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis during replication.

Answer 31

DNA Polymerase lll

Question 32

Involved in DNA repair, specifically in translesion synthesis (synthesizing past damaged areas).

Answer 32

DNA Polymerase lV

Question 33

Also involved in DNA repair, primarily in translesion synthesis, allowing replication past DNA lesions.

Answer 33

DNA Polymerase V

Question 34

An enzyme involved in DNA repair

Answer 34

DNA Polymerase II

Question 35

Removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps with DNA during replication.

Answer 35

DNA Polymerase I

Question 36

An enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction

Answer 36

Ribozymes