proteins

Question 1

what are the roles of proteins

Answer 1

form muscle/body tissue/hair - structural
hormones/receptors - signalling
enzymes - catalytic
antibodies - immunological

Question 2

what are proteins

Answer 2

diverse group of large and complex polymer molecules, made up of long chains of amino acids

Question 3

what are the three groups in an amino acid

Answer 3

R group
amino group
carboxylic acid group

Question 4

how many naturally occurring amino acids are there?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

what reaction forms proteins and polypeptides?

Answer 5

condensation reaction, peptide bonds form between individual amino acids molecules

Question 6

when is a polypeptide chain formed?

Answer 6

when more amino acids are added to a dipeptide through a condensation reaction

Question 7

what are the 4 levels of structure in a protein?

Answer 7

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 8

how are dipeptides formed

Answer 8

condensation of 2 amino acids

Question 9

primary protein level

Answer 9

simple long chains with no intermolecular bonds or interactions

Question 10

secondary protein level

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds form causing molecule chain to fold or coil

Question 11

tertiary protein level

Answer 11

hydrophylic/phobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic bond, disulphide bonds hold molecules together

max stability
lowest energy
structure is result of R groups

Question 12

quaternary protein level

Answer 12

same as tertiary, two or more polypeptide chains
non-protein group

Question 13

hydrophobic interaction

Answer 13

between non-polar

Question 14

hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

in all levels of structure

Question 15

ionic bonds

Answer 15

between carboxy and amino group, easily broken by changes of pH

Question 16

disulfide bonds

Answer 16

strong, between 2 cysteine amino acids