proteins

Question 1

allosteric enzymes

Answer 1

enzymes that change conformation in response to a modulator

Question 2

alpha helix

Answer 2

polypeptide chain coiled into a helix with hydrogen bonding occuring to maintain the arrangement

Question 3

alternative RNA splicing

Answer 3

removel of non-coding introns from a primart mRNA transcript to leave only the coding exons

Question 4

beta-pleated sheets

Answer 4

polypeptide chain arranged in rows with the chain folding in parellel or anti-parellel arrangements

Question 5

conformation

Answer 5

shape

Question 6

co-operativity

Answer 6

changes in binding of a target molecule to one subunit of a multiunit polypeptide changes the affinity of the other subunits for the target molecule

Question 7

disulfide bridge

Answer 7

a strong covalent bond that stablises the tertiary and quaternary structures of many proteins

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

a network of membrane tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell continuos with the nuclear membrane

Question 9

exon

Answer 9

section of RNA that is usually retained during splicing

Question 10

glycoprotein

Answer 10

a protein with a carbohydrate added by post translational modification

Question 11

golgi apperatus

Answer 11

a series of flattend membrane discs that packages proteins into membrane bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination

Question 12

hydrogen bonds

Answer 12

attractions between polar molecules

Question 13

hydrolases

Answer 13

a class of enzyme that use water to break chemical bonds

Question 14

intron

Answer 14

a section of RNA usually removed during splicing

Question 15

ionic bonds

Answer 15

a type of chemical bonding

Question 16

ligand

Answer 16

a substance that can bind to any complementory protein

Question 17

london dispersion forces

Answer 17

weak force of attraction

Question 18

lysosome

Answer 18

a modified glogi apperatus containing hydrolytic enzymes

Question 19

modulators

Answer 19

they bind to a secondary site on an enzyme and alter its conformation

Question 20

monomer

Answer 20

a molecule that can bind chemicallu to another monomer to form a polymer

Question 21

post translational modification

Answer 21

addition of different chemical groups or modification of a protein to allow a particular function

Question 22

prosthetic group

Answer 22

a non protein unit tightly bound to a protein nessasary for its function

Question 23

protein kinase

Answer 23

catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule

Question 24

protein phosphatases

Answer 24

an enzyme that removes a phosphate gorups form its substrate

Question 25

primary structure

Answer 25

sequence in which amino acids are found

Question 26

primary structure

Answer 26

sequence in which amino acids are found

Question 27

secondary structure

Answer 27

hydrogen bonding occuring within a polypeptide forming alpha helix or bete-pleated sheets

Question 28

tertiartary structure

Answer 28

bonding of many types occuring between R groups of amino acids of a protien

Question 29

quartanary structure

Answer 29

the arrangements of multiple folded polypeptides connected together

Question 30

proteotic cleavege

Answer 30

occurs when a protease cleaves one or more bonds in a target protein to activate, inhibit or destroy proteins activity

Question 31

proteome

Answer 31

the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome

Question 32

basic r group

Answer 32

contains an amine N-H2

Question 33

acidic r group

Answer 33

COOH

Question 34

polar r group

Answer 34

OH

Question 35

hydrophobic r group

Answer 35

H-C

Question 36

rough er

Answer 36

has ribosomes

Question 37

signal sequence

Answer 37

a short strech of amino acids at onr end of the polypeptide found in most eukaryotic cells its main location

Question 38

smooth er

Answer 38

functions are the synthesis of lipids and steriod hormones

Question 39

turns

Answer 39

secondary structure that reverses

Question 40

vesicles

Answer 40

small membrane bound compartments filled with liquid