proteins

Question 1

Very _________ __________ in our
cells and are _________ for all
living organisms.

Answer 1

important molecules; essential

Question 2

Most abundant _________ _________
of the living system.

Answer 2

organic molecules

Question 3

Importance of Proteins

Answer 3

1. Major structural component of
   animal tissues.
2. Involved in the maintenance of life
   processes such as: (C, D, MR,BC, OT)
3. 15% of our body mass
4. abundant solid substances in bodies
5. building, maintaining tissues

Question 4

Involved in the maintenance of life
processes such as:

Answer 4

(C, D, MR,BC, OT)
Communication(nerves)
Defense(antibodies)
Metabolic regulation(hormones)
Biochemical catalysis(enzymes)
Oxygen transport(hemoglobin)

Question 5

Proteins were first described by the
Dutch chemist

Answer 5

Gerardus Johannes
Mulder

Question 6

Proteins are first named by the Swedish chemist.

Answer 6

Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1838.

Question 7

Believed that
protein was the most important
nutrient for maintaining
the structure of the body,
because it was generally
believed that
“flesh makes flesh“.

Answer 7

Carl von Voit

Question 8

1926, the enzyme urease was a protein.

Answer 8

James B. Sumner

Question 9

First who sequenced insulin.

Answer 9

Frederick Sanger

Question 10

The first protein structures to be solved.

Answer 10

• Hemoglobin & Myoglobin

Question 11

The first protein structures to be solved by?

Answer 11

Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery
Kendrew, in 1958.

Question 12

The three-dimensional structures of
both proteins were first determined by the ____ ________ analysis.

Answer 12

X-ray diffraction analysis

Question 13

They shared the 1962 Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for these discoveries. (where the three-dimensional structures of
both proteins were first determined)

Answer 13

Perutz and Kendrew

Question 14

The elementary composition of most
proteins are?

Answer 14

55% Carbon
15% Nitrogen
7% Hydrogen
1% Sulfur
23% Oxygen
< 1% Phosphorus

Question 15

Characteristics of Proteins

Answer 15

broken down to units by enzyme
amino group and acid group (ampotheric).
elementary composition

Question 16

Functions of Proteins

Answer 16

(ASSCETH)
Antibodies
Contractile proteins
Enzymes
Hormonal proteins
Structural proteins
Storage proteins
Transport proteins

Question 17

(Type of Proteins) They are specialized proteins involved in defending the body from antigens.

Answer 17

Antibodies

Question 18

One way antibodies counteract
antigens is by _______________ them so
they can be destroyed by white blood
cells.

Answer 18

immobilizing

Question 19

(Type of Proteins) They are responsible for muscle contraction and movement.

Answer 19

Contractile Proteins

Question 20

Examples of
CONTRACTILE proteins
include…?

Answer 20

actin
and myosin

Question 21

(Type of Proteins) They are proteins that facilitate
biochemical reactions.

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

(Type of Proteins) They are often referred to as catalysts
because they speed up chemical
reactions.

Answer 22

Enzymes

Question 23

(Type of Proteins) They are messenger
proteins which help to coordinate
certain bodily activities.

Answer 23

Hormonal Proteins

Question 24

Examples of Hormonal proteins include…?

Answer 24

insulin, oxytocin,
and somatotropin

Question 25

(Hormonal Proteins) It regulates glucose metabolism by controlling the blood-sugar concentration.

Answer 25

Insulin

Question 26

(Hormonal Proteins) It stimulates contractions during childbirth.

Answer 26

Oxytocin

Question 27

(Hormonal Proteins) It is a growth hormone that stimulates protein production in muscle cells.

Answer 27

Somatotropin

Question 28

(Type of Proteins) They are fibrous and stringy and because of this formation, they provide support for various body parts.

Answer 28

Structural Proteins

Question 29

The examples of Structural Proteins include...?

Answer 29

keratin, collagen, and elastin

Question 30

(Structural Proteins) They strengthen protective coverings such as skin, hair, quills, feathers, horns, and beaks.

Answer 30

Keratins

Question 31

(Structural Proteins) They provide support for connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments.

Answer 31

Collagens and Elastin

Question 32

(Type of Proteins) They store amino acids for the body to use later.

Answer 32

Storage Proteins

Question 33

(Storage Proteins) It is an another protein that stores iron in the transport protein, hemoglobin.

Answer 33

Ferritin

Question 34

(Type of Proteins) The carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.

Answer 34

Transport Proteins

Question 35

(Transport Proteins) It is one of these and is responsible for transporting oxygen through the blood via red blood cells.

Answer 35

Hemoglobin

Question 35

(Transport Proteins) are another that operate in the electron transport chain as electron carrier proteins.

Answer 35

Cytochromes

Question 36

Protein- rich foods

Answer 36

1. Lean white meats 2. Soy 3. Beef 4. Beans 5. Eggs 6. Dairy 7. Seafood

Question 36

They are the basic structural building blocks of protein.

Answer 36

Amino acid

Question 37

molecules having one amino group, one carboxyl group, one H atom and one specific group(R group) attached to the central C atom.

Answer 37

Amino acid

Question 38

The are 20 ________ ______ _____ used by the ____________ to make proteins. These 20 have _ ________ at the _-_______.

Answer 38

common amino acids; ribosomes; L chirality; α-carbon

Question 39

Classification of amino acid:

Answer 39

structure of side chain polarity of the side chain (R group) nutritional requirements metabolic fate

Question 40

Amino acid can be classified into...?

Answer 40

based on need and availability in the human body 1. Essential Amino acids 2. Semi – essential Amino acids (Conditional Amino acids) 3. Non – essential Amino acids