Proteins Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are some of the roles proteins can play?
-Transport Nutrients throughout the body.
-Help chemical reactions happen at faster rates.
-Build the structures that make up living things.
What is the name of building blocks that make up proteins? How many are there?
Amino acids, there are 21.
What are amino acids made of?
Carbon, Oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. Some contain Sulfur atoms,
What is the only standard amino acid that contains a selenium atom?
Selenocysteine.
What are the names of the groups amino acids form?
Amino group and a carboxyl group. These is also side chain. All of these are attached to a carbon atom.
What determines an amino acid’s properties?
The side chain as this is the only part that varies from amino acid to amino acid.
What makes a hydrophobic amino acid hydrophobic?
Carbon-rich side chains which don’t interact well with water.
Do Hydrophilic/polar amino acids interact well with water?
Yes.
What does a charged amino acid do?
Interact with oppositely charged amino acids or other molecules.
What is the primary structure of proteins?
A linear sequence of amino acids as encoded by DNA.
What are the amino acids in a protein joined by?
Peptide bonds, which link the amino group of amino acid to the carboxyl group of another.
What molecule is released each time a peptide bond occurs?
A water molecule.
What makes up the proteins backbone?
The linked series of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
What are the two secondary structures protein chains often fold into?
Alpha helices or Beta sheets.
What is an Alpha Helix?
A right-handed coil stabilised by hydrogen bonds between the amine and carboxyl groups of nearby amino acids.
How are beta sheets formed?
When Hydrogen bonds stabilise two or more adjacent strands of amino acids.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The three-dimensional shape of the protein chain.
What is the tertiary shape of the protein determined by?
The characteristics of the amino acids making up the chain.
Many proteins form-
globular shapes with hydrophobic side chains sheltered inside, away from surrounding water molecules.
What do Membrane-bound proteins have?
Hydrophobic amino acid residues clustered together on the exterior so that hydrophobic side chains can interact with the lipids in the membrane.
What allows proteins to interact with molecules that have complimentary charges?
Charged amino acids.
What does the function of many proteins rely on?
Their three dimensional shapes.
What does a hemoglobin form a pocket to hold?
Heme, a small molecule with an iron atom in the centre that binds oxygen.
Can two or more polypeptide chains come together to form a functional molecule?
Yes, the molecule created has several subunits.
