Proteins

Question 1

Living organisms are

Answer 1

Carbon-based

Question 2

Backbone of biological materials?

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons

Question 3

Four kinds of macromolecules?

Answer 3

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acid

Question 4

Proteins are

Answer 4

Combination of 20 amino acids

Question 5

Isomers?

Answer 5

Same formula, different structure of compounds.
Cis: Same atoms on same side
Trans: Diff atoms on same side

Question 6

Enantiomers?

Answer 6

Molecules that differ in spatial arrangement

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

Chemical reaction where water is used to break down chemical bonds

Question 8

Proteins are held together by what type of bonds?

Answer 8

Peptide bonds (covalent)

Question 9

Are D-amino acids or L-amino acids found in living things?

Answer 9

L-amino acids

Question 10

The “capital letter” is the amino group of the 1st amino acid

Answer 10

N-terminus

Question 11

The “period” is the carboxyl group of the last amino acid

Answer 11

C-terminus

Question 12

Amino acids with positively charged, hydrophilic side chains

Answer 12

Arginine (R), Histidine (H), Lysine (K)

Question 13

Amino acids with negatively charged, hydrophilic side chains

Answer 13

Aspartic acid (D), Glutamic acid (E)

Question 14

Amino acids with polar, uncharged side chains

Answer 14

Serine (S), Threonine (T), Asparagine (N), Glutamine (Q), Tyrosine (Y)

Question 15

Amino acids with non-polar hydrophobic side chains

Answer 15

Alanine (A), Isoleucine (I), Leucine (L), Methionine (M), Phenylalanine (F), Tryptophan (W), Valine (V)

Question 16

Special cases

Answer 16

Cysteine (C), Glycine (G), Proline (P)

Question 17

Cysteine may form what type of bond?

Answer 17

Disulphide bond b/c it has a SH group

Question 18

Primary structure

Answer 18

The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein

Question 19

Secondary Structure

Answer 19

Alpha-helix and Beta-pleated sheets

Question 20

Tertiary Structure

Answer 20

3-dimensional configuration/ interaction of R-groups and the environment

Question 21

Quaternary Structure

Answer 21

Interactions of sub-units

Question 22

Condition that affect protein folding

Answer 22

High temperature, pH changes, High concentrations of polar molecules, nonpolar substances

Question 23

Denaturation

Answer 23

Folded protein structure is broken down due to extreme conditions

Question 24

Chaperones

Answer 24

Proteins that help prevent other proteins from binding to the wrong molecules

Question 25

Heat Shock Proteins

Answer 25

Protect from being denatured and broken down

Question 26

Hemoglobin has 4 polypeptide subunits folded together. This level of protein structure is called

Answer 26

Quaternary

Question 27

Molecules containing an amino acids would be

Answer 27

A weak base

Question 28

Which amino acid can form disulphide bonds?

Answer 28

Cystine (important in protein folding)

Question 29

Importance of Glycine?

Answer 29

It is small and fits into tight corners

Question 30

Why is Proline a special case?

Answer 30

It has a ring structure that limits hydrogen-bonding ability.