Proteins

Question 1

protein

Answer 1

proteios=first in rank (Greek), macromolecule built up by amino acids

Question 2

structure of proteins

Answer 2

3D, spatial form of the protein chain stabilized by weak interactions (electrostatic, van der Waals)


Question 3

primary structure of proteins

Answer 3

sequence of amino acids building up the molecule

Question 4

secondary structure of proteins

Answer 4

formation of regular structures (α-helix, β-sheet) in the peptide chain stabilized by H-bonds


Question 5

quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 5

spatial arrangement of peptide chains and non-peptide components of a protein


Question 6

conformational change

Answer 6

transient, reversible change in the spatial structure of a protein molecule

Question 7

globulin

Answer 7

protein molecule that has a spherical tertiary structure (e.g. hemoglobin, immunoglobulin)

Question 8

myoglobin

Answer 8

iron-containing oxygen-binding protein molecule in the muscles resembling hemoglobin


Question 9

denaturation

Answer 9

usually irreversible change in the conformation of protein molecules


Question 10

antibody (and immunoglobulin)

Answer 10

protein molecule produced by the lymphocytes that can specifically bind to antigens


Question 11

memory cell

Answer 11

lymphocyte specialized for the long-term storage of the code to synthesize an antibody

Question 12

antigen

Answer 12

usually a large molecule or a smaller part of it that induces immunological response in the target organism

Question 13

autoimmune disease

Answer 13

erroneous immune response of an organism against its own proteins or macromolecules


Question 14

complement system

Answer 14

protein molecules responsible for the elimination of the antigen-antibody complex

Question 15

effector protein

Answer 15

protein transmitting the effect of G-protein activation in the cell


Question 16

G-protein

Answer 16

GTP-binding protein at the inner surface of plasma membranes; plays a critical role in signal transduction

Question 17

glycoprotein

Answer 17

a protein containing carbohydrate groups

Question 18

intrinsic (integral) protein

Answer 18

membrane protein spanning

Question 19

peripheral (extrinsic) protein

Answer 19

protein associated to the external or internal surface of the cell membrane
the membrane from one surface to the other

Question 20

lipoprotein

Answer 20

protein molecule containing lipid groups


Question 21

peptide

Answer 21

short protein molecule


Question 22

contractility

Answer 22

ability for shortening

Question 23

actin and myosin

Answer 23

proteins responsible for the muscle contraction

Question 24

filament

Answer 24

thin fiber made up of proteins; sliding of actin and myosin filaments on each other explains muscle contraction.

Question 25

collagen

Answer 25

protein, main component of the collagen fibers

Question 26

albumin

Answer 26

largest protein fraction in the blood plasma, mainly responsible for the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma


Question 27

fibrinogen

Answer 27

protein component of the blood plasma; its polymerization to fibrin is the most important step of blood coagulation