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Biochemistry > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

Linear polymers of amino acid

A

Proteins

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2
Q

The set of all the proteins

A

Proteome

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3
Q

Identify the entire complement of proteins

A

Proteomics

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4
Q

Each amino acid has

A

Carboxyl group
Amino group
R-group

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5
Q

R-group dictates

A

The function of the amino acid in a protein

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6
Q

Amino acid: Has the smallest side chain

A

Glycine

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7
Q

Used in the first step of heme synthesis

A

Glycine

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8
Q

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

A

Glycine

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9
Q

Carrier of ammonia and of the carbons of pyruvate from skeletal muscle to liver

A

Alanine

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10
Q

Branched-chain amino acids

A

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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11
Q

Precursor of tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

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12
Q

Amino acid: Has the largest side chain

A

Tryptophan

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13
Q

Precursor of homocysteine

A

Methionine

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14
Q

Not an amino, but an imino acid

A

Proline

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15
Q

Amino acids: Contain a polar hydroxyl group

A

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

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16
Q

Precursor for thyroxine and melanin

A

Tyrosine

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17
Q

Amino acids: Have a carbonyl group and an amide group

A

Asparagine

Glutamine

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18
Q

Amino acid: Site for N-linked glycosylation of proteins

A

Asparagine

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19
Q

Major carrier of nitrogen to the liver from peripheral tissues

A

Glutamine

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20
Q

Amino acid: Contains a sulfhydryl group

A

Cysteine

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21
Q

Amino acid that participate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A

A

Cysteine

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22
Q

Two cysteines can be connected by a covalent disulfide bond to form

A

Cysteine

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23
Q

Serve as proton donors

A

Aspartate

Glutamate

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24
Q

Precursor for GABA and glutathione

A

Glutamate

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25
Proton acceptors
Histidine, Arginine, Lysine
26
Precursor of histamine
Histidine
27
Also used in the diagnosis of folic acid deficency
Histidine
28
Precursor of creatinine, urea, and nitric oxide
Arginine
29
21st amino acid
Selenocysteine
30
Amino acid: Considered nutritionally semiessential
Arginine
31
Amino acids: Synthesized in the body, but only from essential amino acid precursors
Cystine | Tyrosine
32
Determined by a proteins amino acid sequence
Primary Structure
33
Fatal neurodegenerative disease resulting from deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in neural cells
Prion disease
34
Prion disease in human
Creutzfeld Jakob disease
35
Prion disease in sheep
Scrapie
36
Prion disease in cattle
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
37
Prion disease in cannibalistic tribes
Kuru
38
Most common and most important degenerative disease of the brain.
Alzheimer Disease
39
Heme protein found exclusively in
Red blood cells
40
Hemoglobin exists in 2 configurations
Taut form - low oxygen affinity | Relaxed form - high oxygen affinity
41
Following massive crush injury, _______ released from damaged muscle fibers colors the urine dark red.
Myoglobin
42
Myoglobin is found in
Heart, Skeletal Muscle
43
Cut off of HbA1c
More than or equal to 6.5 %
44
For microvascular disease prevention, the A1C goal is
<7 %
45
Form of hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide in place of O2
Carboxyhemoglobin
46
Hb becomes cherry pink in color
Carboxyhemoglobin
47
Treatment for Carboxyhemoglobin
100 % O2 theraphy
48
Oxidized form of hemoglobin (Fe3+) that does not bind O2 | Increased affinity for cyanide
Methemoglobin
49
Symptoms of Methemoglobinemia
Anxiety Headache Dyspnea
50
Chocolate cyanosis and O2 saturation is at 85 %
Methemoglobin
51
Treatment for Methemoglobin Mild Massive
Mild: Oral Methylene blue or Ascorbic Acid Massiv: IV Methylene blue
52
Erythrocytes spheroidal, less deformable, vulnerable to splenic sequestration and destruction
Hereditary Spherocytosis
53
Most common mutation in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Ankyrin
54
Clinical Manifestation of Hereditary Spherocytosis
Anemia Splenomegaly Jaundice
55
Diagnostic test for Hereditary Spherocytosis
Osmotic Fragility Test
56
Results from a point mutation in both genes coding for the B-chain that results in a VALINE rather than a glutamate
Sickle Cell Disease
57
Clinical manifestation of Sickle Cell Disease
Anemia Tissue anoxia Painful crises PROTECTIVE AGAINST MALARIA
58
Hemoglobin variant that has a single amino acid substitution in the 6th position of the B-globin chain, in which LYSINE is substituted for glutamate
Hemoglobin C Disease
59
Inadequate synthesis of a-chains
Alpha Thalassemia
60
Alpha Thalassemia leads to
Anemia Accumulation of Hb Bart and Hb H B-chain precipitation
61
Inadequate synthesis of B-chains A-chain precipitation Appear only after Birth
Beta Thalassemia
62
Most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
63
Collagen is stabilized by what bond?
Hydrogen bonds
64
Most common form of collagen
Type 1 collagen
65
Collagen is rich in
Glycine | Proline
66
Collagen monomers aggregate and become cross linked to form
Collagen fibrils
67
Hyperextensibility of the skin Abnormal tissue fragility Increased joint mobility
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
68
Britte bone syndrome
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
69
Mutation of genes in Osteogenesis Imperfecta? Marfan Syndrome?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Collagen | Marfan Syndrome - Fibrillin
70
Genetic disorders affecting the type IV collagen fibers
Alport Syndrome
71
Main presenting sign of Alport Syndrome
Hematuria
72
The skin breaks and blisters | Defect in type VII collagen
Epidermolysis Bullosa
73
Characterized by kinky hair and growth retardation
Menkes Disease
74
Connective tissue protein with rubber like proteins
Elastin
75
Elastin is rich in
Proline and Lysine
76
Mutation in the fibrillin gene
Marfan Syndrome
77
If there is DECREASED A-1 ANTITRYPSIN in the lungs, elastase destroys the alveolar walls, resulting to
EMPHYSEMA

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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