Proteins

Question 1

Define:

Metabolic

Answer 1

All the biochemical reactions that happen inside the cells of an organism

Question 2

Define catabolic reactions

Answer 2

Breaking down large molecules (hydrolysis)

Question 3

Define anabolic reaction

Answer 3

Building large molecules (condensation )

Question 4

What’s the monomer and polymer for:

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Monomer- monosaccharides

Polymer- polysaccharides

Question 5

What’s the monomer and polymer for:

Proteins

Answer 5

Amino acids

Polypeptide

Question 6

What’s the monomer and polymer for:

Nucleus acids

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Polynucleotide

Question 7

What is hydrolysis used for

Answer 7

To remove a monomer from a polymer

Question 8

What is condensation reaction used for

Answer 8

To add a monomer to a polymer chain + WATER IS PRODUCED

Question 9

Condensation:

• makes a ____________
• a new covalent bond is __________
• a water molecule is ___________

For example

Answer 9

Polymer

Formed

Released/made

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Hydrolysis:

• makes a ____________
• a new covalent bond is __________
• a water molecule is ___________

For example

Answer 10

Monomer

Broken

Is used

Digestion

Question 11

H R O
\ | //
\ | //
N—

Answer 11

R = r group 
H-N-H = amine group
C= central carbon atoms 
O=C-OH= carboxylic acid group

Question 12

What is a dipeptide reaction

Answer 12

A condensation reaction where a peptide bond is formed

Question 13

List the 4 types of protein structure

Answer 13

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Question 14

Define primary structures

Answer 14

The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein chain

Question 15

What is secondary structure

Answer 15

The coiling and pleating of parts of the polypeptide chain to form an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet - held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 16

What is the tertiary structure

Answer 16

When the secondary alpha helix and beta pleated sheet folds further to give a complex and specific 3D shape

Has hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 17

How does the tertiary structure denature

Answer 17

Heat gives kinetic energy which causes hydrogen bonds to break and the 3D structure to unravel

Question 18

What do r groups cause

Answer 18

Folding - due to hydrogen bonds ionic bonds and disulphides bonds

Question 19

What is a quaternary structure

Answer 19

Proteins with more than one polypeptide chain

2 alpha 2 beta

Question 20

In a quaternary structure what does each chain have

Answer 20

A haem prosthetic group which contains an Fe2+ ion

Question 21

Name 3 examples of proteins with a quaternary structure

Answer 21

Collagen
Haemoglobin
Catalase

Question 22

What are the two groups for 3D proteins

Answer 22

Globular

Fibrous

Question 23

Describe globular proteins

Answer 23

Roll up to form ball shaped spherical structures
Soluble in water
Have metabolic roles

Eg haemoglobin

Question 24

Describe fibrous proteins

Answer 24

Form fibres (long linear chains)
Repetitive sequence of amino acids
Insoluble in water
Strength and structural roles
Eg keratin

Question 25

What is haemoglobin also referred to as

Answer 25

A conjugated protein

Question 26

What type of protein is haemoglobin

Answer 26

A globular protein with a quaternary structure

Question 27

What does conjugated mean

Answer 27

A protein with a prosthetic group

Question 28

How many polypeptide chains in haemoglobin

Answer 28

Four- 2 alpha 2 beta

Question 29

Name the prosthetic group in each chain and the ion

Answer 29

Haem | Fe2+

Question 30

What type of protein is catalase

Answer 30

Globular

Question 31

What is catalase

Answer 31

An enzyme that speeds up metabolic reactions

Question 32

How many prosthetic groups does haem have

Answer 32

Four

Question 33

What type of protein is insulin

Answer 33

A globular | Transported in blood

Question 34

What type of shape does insulin have

Answer 34

Tertiary

Question 35

The A and B chains in insulin form what - which then form what in the presence of what

Answer 35

Dimer Hexamer Zn2+

Question 36

Keratin | Where is it found and what are the properties

Answer 36

Nails/ horn rhino/ hairs/ skin | Strong/ inflexible/ insoluble

Question 37

Collagen | Where is it found and what are the properties

Answer 37

Walls of arteries/ tendons/ bones/ cartridges Flexible/ long strong rope like

Question 38

Elastin | Where is it found and what are the properties

Answer 38

Walls of arteries- elastic fibres Flexible/ can expand and return to normal size