Proteins and DNA

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

a single stranded transcripted DNA which carries a sequence of codons for the production of protiens.

Question 2

Nucleotides

Answer 2

monomers that make up DNA or RNA

Question 3

DNA is composed of….

Answer 3

Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogen base

Question 4

adenine and guanine are

Answer 4

purines

Question 5

cytosine and thymine

Answer 5

pyrimidine

Question 6

what are the complementary base pairings

Answer 6

adnine bonds with thymine, cytosine bonds with guanine

Question 7

type of bond between bases

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds

Question 8

semi-conservatve

Answer 8

dna replication uses one new strand and one old strand to form each new molecule

Question 9

sugar in RNA

Answer 9

Ribose

Question 10

Sugar in DNA

Answer 10

Dexoyribose

Question 11

exons

Answer 11

sequence of bases of DNA that are translated and transcribed during the making of proteins

Question 12

DNA nucleotide

Answer 12

consists of Phosphate, sugar, base

Question 13

Direction DNA replication occurs in

Answer 13

5’>3’

Question 14

enzyme unwinding the DNA strand in DNA replecation

Answer 14

Helicase

Question 15

Enzyme responsible for filling the nicks after DNA replication.

Answer 15

DNA Ligase

Question 16

DNA Polymerase III

Answer 16

Adds nucleotides in 5’–>3’ direction on one strand, on the other starts replication next to RNA primer and adds nucleotides in a 5’–>3’ direction

Question 17

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 17

replaces RNA Premiers with DNA

Question 18

RNA Primase

Answer 18

acts as a primer by adding short length of RNA to the template strand

Question 19

OKAZAKI Fragements

Answer 19

short lengths of DNA formed between RNA primers

Question 20

Nucleosomes

Answer 20

globular structure containing eight histone proteins with DNA wrapped around another histone that bonds the structure together

Question 21

Stalite DNA

Answer 21

repetitive base sequences which are not translated

Question 22

introns

Answer 22

sequence of bases transcribed but not translated

Question 23

DNA Replecation

Answer 23

copying DNA to produce new molecules with the same base sequence

Question 24

transcription

Answer 24

making mRNA that can leave the nucleus

Question 25

translation

Answer 25

decoding the mRNA to make amino acids

Question 26

SENSE STRAND

Answer 26

strand that has the same base sequence as the mRNA

Question 27

anti-sense strand

Answer 27

strand that forms the template for transcription

Question 28

free ribosomes

Answer 28

ribosomes in the cytoplasm that synthesize proteins for use in the cell

Question 29

Endoplasmic rectuiculum

Answer 29

ribosomes that make protein that leaves the cell or to be used in the lysosome

Question 30

peptide bond

Answer 30

the linkage between amino acids by a condensation reaction

Question 31

polysomes

Answer 31

group of ribosomes moving along the same mRNA as they simultaneously translate it

Question 32

intitation

Answer 32

special steps needed to start translation

Question 33

termination

Answer 33

special steps needed to stop translation

Question 34

four levels of protein structure

Answer 34

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 35

Primary Structure

Answer 35

linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 36

secondary strucuture

Answer 36

regular repeating structures, including ß-pleated sheets and α-helices, stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Question 37

two types of protien are

Answer 37

globular and fibrous

Question 38

fibrous protiens

Answer 38

long and narrow protein, insoluble in water

Question 39

globular protiens

Answer 39

rounded protein, soluble in water

Question 40

enzymes

Answer 40

globular proteins that catalyze chemical reactions by lowering activation energy