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Macromolecules > Proteins, Lipids, Carbahyrates > Flashcards

Proteins, Lipids, Carbahyrates Flashcards

1
Q

What has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails?

A

Phospholipids

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2
Q

Do lipids or carbohydrates have long-term energy?

A

Lipids

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3
Q

What monomers are in a triglyceride?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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4
Q

What is a part of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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5
Q

Ring structure

A

Carbohydrates

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6
Q

4 fused rings

A

steriods

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7
Q

Butter is…(list 3)

A

a fat, lipid, and saturated

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8
Q

A saturated fat…(list 4)

A

is solid at room temp, has no double bonds, is in animals, and has straight chains

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9
Q

An unsaturated fat…(list 4)

A

is a liquid at room temp, has one (or more) double bonds, are in plants, and has a kink in the chains

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10
Q

Straight chains have…

A

no double bonds

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11
Q

Unsaturated fats have…

A

at least one double bond

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12
Q

What does a carbohydrate do?

A

provide an immediate energy source for organisms

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13
Q

Starch & Glycogen function as…

A

short-term stored energy sources

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14
Q

Chitin & cellulose function as…

A

structural components of a cell

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15
Q

What’s a monosaccharide?

A

a simple sugar + 1 sugar

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16
Q

Cellulose structure

A

long and straight chains of glucose

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17
Q

Starch structure

A

long branched-off chains of glucose

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18
Q

Glycogen structure

A

very highly branched-off chains of glucose

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19
Q

What monosaccharide is the main source of energy for cells

A

glucose

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20
Q

What polysaccharide stores short-term energy in animals?

A

glycogen

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21
Q

What polysaccharide stores short-term energy in plants?

A

starch

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22
Q

What polysaccharide makes up the exoskeletons of some organisms?

A

Chitin

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23
Q

The most common biological molecule is the polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

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24
Q

Chitin is…

A

a polysaccharide for structure

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25
Q

Sucrose is…

A

a disaccharide for energy

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26
Q

Starch is…

A

a polysaccharide for energy (in plants)

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27
Q

Cellulose is…

A

a polysaccharide for structure (makes up plant cell walls)

28
Q

maltose is…

A

a disaccharide for energy

29
Q

Glycogen is…

A

a polysaccharide

30
Q

What 2 monomers are in most lipids?

A

glycerol + fatty acids

31
Q

Structure of a glycerol (lipid)

A

3-carbon straight chain, each carbon is attached to one hydrogen group

32
Q

Structure of a fatty acid

A

A fatty acid is either a straight chain or kinked with a carboxyl group at one end. It’s mostly hydrocarbon and is nonpolar and hydrophobic

33
Q

As a whole lipids are…(philic or phobic)

A

Hydrophobic

34
Q

A phospholipid makes up…

A

the plasma cell membrane

35
Q

The arrangement of a phospholipid is…

A

The hydrophilic, polar, phosphate heads face outwards. The hydrophobic, nonpolar, fatty acid tails face inward.

36
Q

How are steroids different than other lipids?

A

They are made up of 4 fused rings instead of having glycerol and fatty acids, so they do not form straight chains.

37
Q

3 steroids are…

A

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen

38
Q

The energy function of a lipid is…

A

Long-term because of the many bonds

39
Q

Triglyceride…

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (long-term energy storage)

40
Q

Phospholipids monomers are…

A

1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate (makes up cell membrane)

41
Q

Monomers of protein polymers

A

amino acids

42
Q

Amino acids bond together through what process?

A

Dehydration synthesis

43
Q

The “R” group of a protein is…

A

something that determines the function of the amino

44
Q

Primary structure

A

sequence/order of amino acids (not a functioning protein)

45
Q

Secondary structure

A

alpha helix and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonds (when the amino acids start to twist)

46
Q

Tertiary structure

A

A 3-D shape formed by twisting and folding through the interaction of the multiple “R” groups in the polypeptide (functioning protein)

47
Q

Quaternary structure

A

2 (or more) polypeptides (in their tertiary structure) bond together to make a protein

48
Q

When a protein loses its shape and can no longer can serve its function

A

Denature

49
Q

What happens when a protein denatures

A

It loses its shape due to bonds breaking at a higher level of structure

50
Q

Why are proteins more diverse than carbs & lipids

A

There are 20 different amino acids, so there are endless combinations that can be made into endless amino acid sequences.

51
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotide

52
Q

What is pentose

A

5-carbon sugar

53
Q

CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP

A

Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

54
Q

What helps with DNA & RNA

A

Nucleic acids

55
Q

What provides insulation

A

lipids

56
Q

What are the protein bonds called?

A

Peptide bonds

57
Q

2 amino acids

A

dipeptide

58
Q

3 amino acids

A

tripeptide

59
Q

many amino acids

A

polypeptide

60
Q

If a polypeptide doesn’t fold…

A

it’s not a functioning protein

61
Q

Nucleotides/nucleic acids monomers are…

A

phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

62
Q

Amino acids twisting

A

alpha helix

63
Q

Amino acids folding on itself

A

beta sheets

64
Q

What can make a protein denature (list 3)

A

if you mess with the heat, pH, and changes in the environment

65
Q

Enzymes, antibodies, and hemoglobin are…

A

proteins

66
Q

DNA and RNA are

A

nucleic acids

67
Q

Carb monomer and polymer

A

monosaccharide and a polysaccharide

Macromolecules (1 decks)

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