Proteins, Lipids, Carbahyrates

Question 1

What has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails?

Answer 1

Phospholipids

Question 2

Do lipids or carbohydrates have long-term energy?

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

What monomers are in a triglyceride?

Answer 3

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 4

What is a part of proteins?

Answer 4

Amino Acids

Question 5

Ring structure

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

4 fused rings

Answer 6

steriods

Question 7

Butter is…(list 3)

Answer 7

a fat, lipid, and saturated

Question 8

A saturated fat…(list 4)

Answer 8

is solid at room temp, has no double bonds, is in animals, and has straight chains

Question 9

An unsaturated fat…(list 4)

Answer 9

is a liquid at room temp, has one (or more) double bonds, are in plants, and has a kink in the chains

Question 10

Straight chains have…

Answer 10

no double bonds

Question 11

Unsaturated fats have…

Answer 11

at least one double bond

Question 12

What does a carbohydrate do?

Answer 12

provide an immediate energy source for organisms

Question 13

Starch & Glycogen function as…

Answer 13

short-term stored energy sources

Question 14

Chitin & cellulose function as…

Answer 14

structural components of a cell

Question 15

What’s a monosaccharide?

Answer 15

a simple sugar + 1 sugar

Question 16

Cellulose structure

Answer 16

long and straight chains of glucose

Question 17

Starch structure

Answer 17

long branched-off chains of glucose

Question 18

Glycogen structure

Answer 18

very highly branched-off chains of glucose

Question 19

What monosaccharide is the main source of energy for cells

Answer 19

glucose

Question 20

What polysaccharide stores short-term energy in animals?

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

What polysaccharide stores short-term energy in plants?

Answer 21

starch

Question 22

What polysaccharide makes up the exoskeletons of some organisms?

Answer 22

Chitin

Question 23

The most common biological molecule is the polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls

Answer 23

Cellulose

Question 24

Chitin is…

Answer 24

a polysaccharide for structure

Question 25

Sucrose is...

Answer 25

a disaccharide for energy

Question 26

Starch is...

Answer 26

a polysaccharide for energy (in plants)

Question 27

Cellulose is...

Answer 27

a polysaccharide for structure (makes up plant cell walls)

Question 28

maltose is...

Answer 28

a disaccharide for energy

Question 29

Glycogen is...

Answer 29

a polysaccharide

Question 30

What 2 monomers are in most lipids?

Answer 30

glycerol + fatty acids

Question 31

Structure of a glycerol (lipid)

Answer 31

3-carbon straight chain, each carbon is attached to one hydrogen group

Question 32

Structure of a fatty acid

Answer 32

A fatty acid is either a straight chain or kinked with a carboxyl group at one end. It’s mostly hydrocarbon and is nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 33

As a whole lipids are...(philic or phobic)

Answer 33

Hydrophobic

Question 34

A phospholipid makes up...

Answer 34

the plasma cell membrane

Question 35

The arrangement of a phospholipid is...

Answer 35

The hydrophilic, polar, phosphate heads face outwards. The hydrophobic, nonpolar, fatty acid tails face inward.

Question 36

How are steroids different than other lipids?

Answer 36

They are made up of 4 fused rings instead of having glycerol and fatty acids, so they do not form straight chains.

Question 37

3 steroids are...

Answer 37

Cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen

Question 38

The energy function of a lipid is...

Answer 38

Long-term because of the many bonds

Question 39

Triglyceride...

Answer 39

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (long-term energy storage)

Question 40

Phospholipids monomers are...

Answer 40

1 glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate (makes up cell membrane)

Question 41

Monomers of protein polymers

Answer 41

amino acids

Question 42

Amino acids bond together through what process?

Answer 42

Dehydration synthesis

Question 43

The "R" group of a protein is...

Answer 43

something that determines the function of the amino

Question 44

Primary structure

Answer 44

sequence/order of amino acids (not a functioning protein)

Question 45

Secondary structure

Answer 45

alpha helix and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonds (when the amino acids start to twist)

Question 46

Tertiary structure

Answer 46

A 3-D shape formed by twisting and folding through the interaction of the multiple “R” groups in the polypeptide (functioning protein)

Question 47

Quaternary structure

Answer 47

2 (or more) polypeptides (in their tertiary structure) bond together to make a protein

Question 48

When a protein loses its shape and can no longer can serve its function

Answer 48

Denature

Question 49

What happens when a protein denatures

Answer 49

It loses its shape due to bonds breaking at a higher level of structure

Question 50

Why are proteins more diverse than carbs & lipids

Answer 50

There are 20 different amino acids, so there are endless combinations that can be made into endless amino acid sequences.

Question 51

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 51

nucleotide

Question 52

What is pentose

Answer 52

5-carbon sugar

Question 53

CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP

Answer 53

Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 54

What helps with DNA & RNA

Answer 54

Nucleic acids

Question 55

What provides insulation

Answer 55

lipids

Question 56

What are the protein bonds called?

Answer 56

Peptide bonds

Question 57

2 amino acids

Answer 57

dipeptide

Question 58

3 amino acids

Answer 58

tripeptide

Question 59

many amino acids

Answer 59

polypeptide

Question 60

If a polypeptide doesn't fold...

Answer 60

it's not a functioning protein

Question 61

Nucleotides/nucleic acids monomers are...

Answer 61

phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 62

Amino acids twisting

Answer 62

alpha helix

Question 63

Amino acids folding on itself

Answer 63

beta sheets

Question 64

What can make a protein denature (list 3)

Answer 64

if you mess with the heat, pH, and changes in the environment

Question 65

Enzymes, antibodies, and hemoglobin are...

Answer 65

proteins

Question 66

DNA and RNA are

Answer 66

nucleic acids

Question 67

Carb monomer and polymer

Answer 67

monosaccharide and a polysaccharide