Protestant Reformation

Question 1

Lay Investure

Answer 1

Appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals. No one questioned a king or noble’s right to grant a bishop or abbot a fief and have him become a vassal, but the church did object to kings and nobles naming bishops or abbots

Question 2

Simony

Answer 2

Act of paying for sacraments and consequently for holy offices or for positions in the hierarchy of a church

Question 3

Indulgences

Answer 3

Full or partial remission of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven

Question 4

Pope Leo X

Answer 4

1475-1521
Last non-priest to be elected Pope
Known for granting indulgences to construct St. Peter’s Basilica
Challenged Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

Question 5

95 Theses

Answer 5

Written by Martin Luther in 1517
Regarded as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation
Challenges mostly the clerical abuse and the sell of indulgences

Question 6

Frederick of Saxony

Answer 6

1463-1525
Also known as Frederick the Wise
notable as being one of the most powerful early defenders of Martin Luther, Lutheranism, and the Protestant Reformation

Question 7

Charles V

Answer 7

1500-1558
Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement
Best known for his role in opposing the Protestant Reformation

Question 8

Diet of Worms

Answer 8

Addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation. It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with Emperor Charles V presiding

Question 9

The Peasant Revolt (1525)

Answer 9

Also known as the German Peasant Revolt
Consisted of both economic and religious revolts
Death toll around 100,000

Question 10

Transubstantiation

Answer 10

In the Eucharist, the substance of wheat bread and grape wine changes into the substance of the Body and the Blood of Jesus

Question 11

Consubstantiation

Answer 11

In the Eucharist, the bread and wine represent the symbolic flesh and blood of Christ

Question 12

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 12

Treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the imperial city of Augsburg
Officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christendom permanently within the Holy Roman Empire