Protiens

Question 0

What is transcription

Answer 0

Unwinds and unlinks the two strands of DNA. Uses one of the DNA strands as a guide or template. Matches new nucleotides with their complements on the DNA strand (G with C, A with U – remember that RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T))

Question 1

What are the steps how proteins are made

Answer 1

Transcription and translation

Question 2

What is translation

Answer 2

The RNA copy is moved to the ribosome. Every set of three RNA bases in a row control which amino acid is to be added to a growing protein molecule. A special three base code (usually ATG) tells the ribosome where the instructions on how to make the protein begin in the sequence. The copy of the DNA chain passes through this protein making machinery like a tape through a tape player. The ribosome, however, produces protein instead of sound!

Question 3

What is a codon

Answer 3

A codon is the a group of three bases which connect with a anticodon

Question 4

What is an anticodon

Answer 4

An anticodon is what attaches to a codon. An anticodon is attached to a tRNA which has an amino acid on it

Question 5

What is a amino acid

Answer 5

An amino acid is what makes up a protein, there are millions of amino acids in proteins

Question 6

What is mRNA

Answer 6

mRNA is Messenger RNA (mRNA), molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes).

Question 7

What is tRNA

Answer 7

Transfer RNA (tRNA), small molecule in cells that carries amino acids to organelles called ribosomes, where they are linked into proteins.

Question 8

What are the three types of mutations

Answer 8

Substitution
Insertion
Deletion

Question 9

What is substitution

Answer 9

A base pair is replaced

Question 10

Insertion

Answer 10

A base pair is added

Question 11

Deletion

Answer 11

A base pair is removed

Question 12

Mutagen

Answer 12

A chemical or physical agent in DNA can cause mutations

Question 13

What causes sickle disease

Answer 13

Substitution

Question 14

Mutagen

Answer 14

Any physical or chemical agent that can cause a mutation in DNA is called a mutagen. Examples of mutagens include high-energy radiation from X rays and ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is one type of energy in sunlight. It is responsible for suntans and sunburns. Other mutagens include asbestos and the chemicals in cigarette smoke.