Protiens Flashcards
(16 cards)
What happens with proteins?
The long chains are folded into particular shapes. This is important in the relation of how antibodies and enzymes work.
What are proteins made up of?
Long chains of smaller molecules called amino acids.
What are enzymes?
They are biological catalysts.
What is an enzyme dependant on to work at the best they can?
They must have optimum temperatures and pH values to work to they greatest for their job.
What does ‘denatured’ mean in terms of enzymes?
When the shape of an enzyme changes meaning it may no longer work.
What is the equation for amino acids to proteins?
Lots of amino acid molecules –> a protein molecule.
How do proteins get their individual properties?
Hundreds or thousands of them joined together in a UNIQUE SEQUENCE.
Name the four types of proteins.
- Structural Components.
- Hormones.
- Antibodies.
- Biological Catalysts.
Name examples of the protein types.
- Structural components- muscles.
- Hormones- insulin.
- Antibodies- body’s immune system.
- Biological catalysts- enzymes.
Define enzymes.
Enzymes are BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS this is a substance that INCREASES the RATE OF REACTION without being used.
Why may the active site no longer work?
What does it then become?
Because the shape of the enzyme changes.
It then becomes ‘DENATURED’
Name 4 uses for enzymes in industry.
PROTEASE- used to pre-digest during the manufacture of baby foods.
LIPASE- used with protease in biological detergent to break down substances in stains.
CARBOHYDRASE- converts starch syrup into sugar syrup.
ISOMERASE- converts glucose syrup into fractose syrup.
What happens to the rate if reaction as the temperature increases?
The rate of reaction also increases.
What happens to enzymes at high tenperatures?
They become ‘denatured’
What is the link between pH values and enzymes?
The pH value changes the enzymes shape. The optimum pH depends on where the enzyme normally works.
Give examples of where enzymes are and their optimum pH value.
INTESTINAL ENZYMES- optimum pH=7.5
STOMACH ENZYMES- optimum pH=2
