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Gen Bio 2 > Protists (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Protists (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Alternation of Generations

A

A life cycle characteristic of plants and some protists. Mitosis occurs during both the haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle. Meiosis produces haploid spores (sporic meiosis). Gametes are produced through cellular differentiation following mitosis.

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2
Q

Alveolata

A

Group of protists, major clade/super phylum in eukarya, grouped with stramenopiles/rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria (SAR)

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3
Q

Amoebozoan

A

Taxonomic group that have pseudopods and cell divided into an endoplasm and ectoplasm layers

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4
Q

Amoeba

A

Unicellular eukaryotic organism with no definite shape, moving by pseudopodia

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5
Q

Apicomplexan

A

Have an apical complex, organelle that appears as a conical structure with a tapered (apical) end, usually unicellular, spore-forming and parasitic

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6
Q

Archaeplastida

A

Group containing almost all of the primary algae, almost all photosynthetic

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7
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Use energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

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8
Q

Biological Carbon Pump

A

When bacteria feed on dead remains and change the organic carbon into carbon dioxide/water/mineral nutrients

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9
Q

Bioluminescence

A

Production of light from a living organism

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10
Q

Brown Algae

A

Multicellular, photosynthetic protist with a characteristic brown/olive color, resulting from carotenoids in its plastids, mostly marine with a plant like body

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11
Q

Cellular Slime Mold

A

Groups of unicellular amoebae that collaborate to form fruiting structures to disperse seeds

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12
Q

Cerozoan

A

Phylum of diverse unicellular eukaryotes, share rRNA, actin, and polyubiquitin

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13
Q

Charophyte

A

Group of green algae whose ancestral lineage gave rise to plants

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14
Q

Chlorophyte

A

Taxonomic group comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats, some on freshwater, some on land

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15
Q

Choanoflagellate

A

A protist lineage that are the closest relatives to animals

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Short microtubule containing appendage specialized for locomotion/moving fluid past the cell

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17
Q

Ciliate

A

Type of protist that moves by the means of cilia

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18
Q

Colonial

A

Group of cells living together, where all cells can carry out all necessary functions of life

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19
Q

Consumer

A

Any organisms that depends on autotrophs for food/nutrition/energy

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20
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

Osmoregulatory vesicle that fills with water, enters by osmosis, then contracts to squeeze water out of the cell

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21
Q

Cyst

A

Closed, sac-like pocket of tissue that can form anywhere

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22
Q

Cytoplasmic Streaming

A

Rapid movement of organelles and other cellular components throughout the cell, depends on actin/filaments/motor proteins, important in cell growth

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23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microscopic network of protein filaments/tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells giving them shape/coherance

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24
Q

Diatom

A

Unicellular algae containing a glass-like cell wall made of silicon dioxide

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25
Q

Dinoflagellate

A

Group of mostly unicellular, photosynthetic algae with 2 flagella in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plants covering the cell

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26
Q

Diplomonad

A

Small zooflagellates that are in the digestive tracts of many animals, 2 nuclei, 4 flagella

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27
Q

Diplontic

A

Life cycle which is dominated by the diploid stage

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28
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

A process in which a unicellular organism engulfs another cell, living without the host cell, and becomes an organelle within the host cell

29
Q

Endosymbiotic Theory

A

Hypothesis that various organelles in eukaryotic cells are descendants of endosymbiosis

30
Q

Euglenid

A

Group of flagellates that are green/colorless, live alone, have 1/2 flagella from the food-intake opening

31
Q

Euglenozoan

A

Monophyletic group of flagellated protists that are free-living, symbiotic, and parasitic, photosynthetic autotrophs

32
Q

Excavata

A

Supergroup of protists that have an asymmetrical appearance with a feeding groove, contains both heterotrophs and autotrophs

33
Q

Flagella

A

Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

34
Q

Foram

A

Aquatic protist that secretes a hardened test with calcium carbonate, extends pseudopodia through pores in the test

35
Q

Golden Age

A

Age of manipulation of genes and metabolism in organisms that allows for deeper studying

36
Q

Green Algae

A

Photosynthetic algae that are characterized by having chlorophylls

37
Q

Gymnomoeba

A

Fungi

38
Q

Haplontic

A

Life cycle characteristic of fungi/some protists where mitosis occurs during the haploid stage of the life cycle and meiosis occurs immediately following the formation of the zygote

39
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms/substances derived from them

40
Q

Hydrogenosome

A

Membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, releases H2 as a by-product of energy generation under anaerobic conditions

41
Q

Kinetoplast

A

Specialized region of the mitochondria that has the most complex and unusual mitochondrial DNA found in nature

42
Q

Kinetoplastid

A

Group of flagellated protozoan with DNA kinetoplast in their mitochondrion

43
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell, membrane bound organelle that produces most of the energy for the cell

44
Q

Mitosome

A
45
Q

Mixotroph

A

An organism that is capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy

46
Q

Multicellular

A

A group of cells living together where cells specialize to carry out particular life functions, coordination is needed to make up a complete living organism

47
Q

Nucleus

A

Membrane enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes

48
Q

Oomycetes

A

Water molds that have 100s of organisms

49
Q

Opisthokont

A

Group of protists containing a singular posterior flagellum

50
Q

Parabasalid

A

Flap-like connection between the cell membrane and the flagellum

51
Q

Pellicle

A

Outer cell covering with interlocking protein strips that function like armor, preventing cells from being torn/pierced without compromising their range of motion

52
Q

Phagolysosome

A

Digestive vesicle formed within a cell by the fusion of a phagosome containing ingested material with hydrolytic enzymes

53
Q

Plankton

A

Organism carried by tides/currents and can’t swim to move against it

54
Q

Plasmodial Slime Mold

A

Enclosed within a single membrane without walls and is one large cell

55
Q

Plastid

A

One of a group of related organelles in plant cells that are involved in the storage of starches, fats, proteins and pigments

56
Q

Primary Endosymbiosis

A

Original internalization of prokaryotes by an ancestral eukaryotic cell, resulting in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

57
Q

Producer

A

Organism that creates sugar

58
Q

Protist

A

Informal term applied to any eukaryote that isn’t a plant, animal, or fungus

59
Q

Pseudopodia

A

A cellular extension of amoeboid cells in moving and feeding

60
Q

Radiolarian

A

Holoplanktonic protozoa that are non-motile, can be solitary or colonial

61
Q

Raphe

A

A slit in the silica shell in some diatoms that can expel a stream of mucopolysaccharides allowing the diatom to propel/attach itself to a substrate

62
Q

Red Algae

A

A photosynthetic protist with a red pigment that masks the chlorophyll, usually multicellular and marine

63
Q

Rhizarian

A

Group of amoeba like protists with thin threadlike, needle-like or root-like pseudopodia

64
Q

Saprobe

A

Organism that derives nutrients from decaying organic matter

65
Q

Secondary Endosymbiosis

A

When a eukaryotic cell engulfs a cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis

66
Q

Slime Molds

A

Soil-dwelling amoeba, brainless, unicellular organism, containing multiple nuclei

67
Q

Stramenopile

A

Vast/complex group of organisms with both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cell types with both unicellular and multicellular species

68
Q

Test

A

Porous shell of a foram that is built from various organic materials and typically hardened with calcium carbonate

69
Q

Unicellular

A

An organism of a single cell

Gen Bio 2 (4 decks)

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