Proton pump inhibitors Flashcards
(6 cards)
Name examples of proton pump inhibitors.
esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole.
What are the indications for PPIs?
benign gastric ulcers, gastric ulcers (pantoprazole), duodenal ulcers, NSAID-associated gastric ulcer, NSAID-associated duodenal ulcer (omeprazole), NSAID-associated gastroduodenal erosions (omeprazole), prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric/duodenal ulcer (esomeprazole, lansoprazole), prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric/duodenal ulcer in patients with previous history of ulcer (omeprazole, pantoprazole), GORD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, severe peptic ulcer bleeding following endoscopic treatment (esomeprazole, omeprazole), H. pylori eradication in combination with antibiotics, severe oesophagitis (lansoprazole, rabeprazole), acid-related dyspepsia (lansoprazole, omeprazole), prevention of relapse in gastric/duodenal ulcer (omeprazole), acid reflux disease, long-term management (omeprazole), treatment and prevention of benign gastric/duodenal/NSAID-associated ulcers (omeprazole), treatment and prevention of GORD (omeprazole)
State the mechanism of action of PPIs.
They suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphate (proton pump) enzyme system (specifically the enzyme hydrogen/potassium ATPase) on the apical membrane of gastric parietal cells, blocking final production of HCL and lowering stomach acid levels.
What are the very common/common unwanted side effects of PPIs?
abdominal pain, agitation, asthenia, back pain, benign fundic gland polyps, constipation, cough, diarrhoea, dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, flatulence, gastro-intestinal disturbances, headache, hyperlipidaemia, impotence, increase in liver enzyme levels, influenza-like syndrome, insomnia, itching, nausea, rash, rhinitis, urticuria, vomiting, weight changes.
What are the monitoring requirements of PPIs?
Measure serum-magnesium concentrations before and during long-term treatment with a PPI, especially when used with drugs that cause hypomagnesaemia or with digoxin.
What is the patient/carer advice for lansoprazole?
advise patients on administration of gastro-resistant capsules, tablets, granules, and orodispersible tablets.
