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BIOS4006 - atoms, stoichiometry and molecular structure > Proton transfer, acid-base chemistry, redox equilibria > Flashcards

Proton transfer, acid-base chemistry, redox equilibria Flashcards

1
Q

How do you work out the ionic product of water?

A

Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1×10^-14

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2
Q

What ions do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

A

H+ / hydronium ions H3O+

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3
Q

What ions do bases produce in aqueous solutions?

A

OH-

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4
Q

How are protons transferred in an acid-base reaction?

A

Proton is transferred from one acid to a base, with formation of another weaker acid + base.

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5
Q

What are conjugate acid/base pairs?

A

Pairs of substances which differ by a single proton.

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6
Q

What are amphoteric substances?

A

Substances that can accept or donate protons - acts as either an acid or base.

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7
Q

Does ‘strength’ of an acid equal concentration?

A

Strength does NOT equal concentration!

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8
Q

What does the acid ‘strength’ of an aqueous solution depend on?

A

Concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+)
- conc of H3O+ α acidity

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9
Q

How do you find the pH with H3O+?

A

-log10[H3O+]

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10
Q

How do you find [H3O+]?

A

10^-pH

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11
Q

What does Kw control the balance of?

A

H3O+ and OH-

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12
Q

What is [H3O+] compared to [OH-] when the pH is 7?

A

neutral so [H3O+] = [OH-]

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13
Q

What is [H3O+] compared to [OH-] in acidic solutions?

A

[H3O+] > [OH-]

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14
Q

What is [H3O+] compared to [OH-] in alkaline solutions?

A

[H3O+] < [OH-]

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15
Q

How do strong acids diff to weak acids?

A

They completely ionizes in aqueous solutions

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16
Q

How do weak acids diff to strong acids?

A

They partially dissociate in water to form a few ions in aqueous solutions

17
Q

Do strong acids have strong or weak conjugate bases?

A

Weak - effectively do not function as bases

18
Q

What conjugates do weak acids/bases have?

A

Weak conjugates

19
Q

Do strong bases have strong or weak conjugate acids?

A

Weak - effectively do not function as acids

20
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for acids?

A

HA + H20 ⇌ A- + H30+

21
Q

What is Ka?

A

acid dissociation constant

22
Q

What is the Ka of acids in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

Ka = [A-][H30+] / [HA]

23
Q

How do you find pKa from Ka?

A

pKa = -log10[Ka]

24
Q

What is the pH of acids in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pKa + log10[A-]/[HA]

25
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for bases?

A

B + H20 ⇌ BH+ + OH-

26
Q

What is the Kb of bases in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

Kb = [OH-][BH+] / [B]

27
Q

What is the pOH of bases in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pOH = pKb + log10[BH+]/[B]

28
Q

How do you work out Kw for acid-base conjugate pairs?

A

Ka x Kb = Kw
pKa x pKb = pKw

29
Q

What pH is pKw at RT?

A

pH 14

30
Q

How do you find pKw from Kw?

A

pKw = -log(Kw)

BIOS4006 - atoms, stoichiometry and molecular structure (5 decks)

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