Protozoa Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
Protozoan parasites do not possess a cell wall
A
True
2
Q
For nutrition, food synthesis and storage
A
Endoplasm
3
Q
Protozoan special organs for locomotion
A
Pseudopods (sarcodina)
Flagella (mastigopora)
Cillia (cilliophora)
Nonmotile (sporozoans/coccidians)
4
Q
Intestinal ameba
A. Sarcodina
B. Cilliophora
C. Mastigopora
D. Coccidians
A
A. Sarcodina
5
Q
Trophozoites are motile, feeding, & vegetative
A
Yes/true
6
Q
Sarcodina inhabit the large intestine except
A
E. gingivalis
7
Q
All Sarcodina are commensals except
A
E. histolytica
8
Q
Sarcodina undergoes encystation except
A
E. gingivalis
9
Q
Sarcodina divide through
A
Binary fission
10
Q
What locomotion organ does intestinal ameba possess?
A
Pseudopods
11
Q
Mass of chromatin
A
Karyosome
12
Q
Condensed RNA nuclei
A
Chromatoidal bodies
13
Q
True ameba possess peripheral chromatin & chromatoidal bodies in cyst and trophozoites
A
True
14
Q
Entamoeba are true ameba
A
True
15
Q
What genus belong to other classification of ameba (not rue ameba)?
A
Endolimax & Iodamoeba
16
Q
Enolimax & Iodamoeba possess peripheral chromatin & chromatoidal bodies
A
False
17
Q
Conditions that may trigger encystation
A
Amoeba over population
pH Change
Food supply
Available oxygen
18
Q
Final host of E. histolytica & E. oli
A
Man
19
Q
E. coli & E. histolytica habitat
A
Large intestine
20
Q
E. coli & E. histolytica MOT
A
Ingestion of infective stage
21
Q
Pathogenecity of E. histolytica parasite
A
Pathogenic
22
Q
Pathogenecity of E. coli parasite
A
Commensal
23
Q
How many nuclie does E. histolytica have?
A
1-4 /Quadrinucleate
24
Q
How many nuclei does E. coli have?
A
1-8
25
Karyosome characteristics of E. histolytica cyst
Small, centrally located
26
Karyosome characteristics of E. coli cyst
Large, irregular shape, eccentrically located
27
Peripheral chromatin characteristic of E. histolytica cyst
Finely, evenly distributed
28
peripheral chromatin characteristics of E. coli cyst
Coarse & granular, irregularly shaped, unevenly distributed, arranged along nuclear membrane
29
E. histolytica cyst cytoplasm characteristics
Finely granular, clean-looking
30
E. coli cyst cytoplasm characteristics
Coarse & granulated, dirty looking
31
Rod-shaped, sausage, cigar shaped chromatoidal bar
E. histolytica
32
Splinter-like with pointed ends chromatoidal bar
E. coli
33
coli or histo: thin nuclear membrane
histolytica
34
coli or histo: Thick nuclear membrane
coli
35
Used to differentiate E. histolytica from E. dispar
Isoenzyme analysis
36
RBC is present in E. histolytica, absent in _____
E. dispar
37
Small race of E. histolytica, no RBCs
E. hartmani
38
Also known as/ well known as Laredo Strain, needs serologic analysis to be identified
E. moshkovski
39
How many nuclei does E. histolytica & coli trophozoites have?
1
40
E. coli & histolytica trophozoite shape
Irregular, varies in size and form
41
Directional, unidirectional & progressive movement
E. histolytica (trophozoite)
42
Nondirectional, Nonprogressive, sluggish movement
E. coli (trophozoite)
43
Hyaline, dendritic & finger-like, blunt/extended pseudopodia
E. histolytica (trophozoite)
44
Granular, blunt, rounded pseudopodia
E. coli (trophozoite)
45
Explosive manner of release of pseudopodia
E. histolytica (trophozoite)
46
Several at a time (manner of release of peudopodia)
E. coli (trophozoite)
47
E. histolytica trophozoite nucleus content
1 karyosome
48
E. coli trophozoite nucleus content
1 uneven peripheral chromatin
49
E. histolytica trophozoite Inclusion
RBC
50
E. coli trophozoite inclusion
Vacuoles
51
Coli or histo trophozoite: Finely granular, clean- looking, w/ crystalline- array of ribosomes, “Ground-glass appearance”
E. histolytica
52
coli or histo: Coarse and granulated, Dirty looking usually vacuolated
E. coli
53
Ameba of oral cavity
Entamoeba gingivalis
54
MOT of E. gingivalis
Direct contact (Kissing)
55
Habitat of E. gingivalis
Gums
Line of teeth
Tartar
Gingival pocket of teeth of unhealthy/healthy mouths
56
Pathogenecity of E. gingivalis
Nonpathogenic
But seen in patients with Pyorrhea alveolaris
57
How many nuclei does E. gingivalis trophozoite have?
1
58
E. gingivalis karyosome characteristics
Small, centrally located
59
Pseudopodia of E. gingivalis is similar to _____ but does not exhibit true progressive locomotion
E. histolytica
60
Cytoplasm of E. gingivalis has ____ that contains cellular debris and numerous bacteria
Food vacuoles
61
Parasite found in intestines of pigs and monkeys
E. polecki
62
How many nuclei does E. polecki cyst have?
1
63
E. polecki cyst chromatoidal body is ___?
Angular and pointed
64
E. polecki cyst possess glycogen mass
True
65
E. polecki cyst karyosome characteristics
Cetral, evenly distributed peripheral chromatin
66
How many nuclei does E. polecki trophozoite have?
1
67
Describe E. polecki trophozoite movement
Sluggish
68
E. polecki trophozoite locomotion mechanism/ movement
more blunt/extended used for feeding than locomotion
69
Endolimax nana cyst description
Cross-eyed
70
E. nana cyst contains ___ nuclei
2-4
71
Chromatoidal body in E. nana cyst is rarely seen
True
72
Describe E. nana cyst karyosome
Blotlike
73
How many nuclei does E. nana trophozoite have?
1
74
E. nana trophozoite karyosome description
Large, irregular, blot-like
75
E. nana trophozoite movement
Sluggish, usually nonprogressive
76
E. nana trophozoite Cytoplasm description
Granular, vacuolated, may contain bacteria & inclusions
77
E. nana trophozoite has peripheral chromatin
False
78
Naegleria fowleri infective stage
Trophozoite
79
N. fowleri MoT
Inhalation of trophozoite
80
PAM (Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis) causative agent
Naegleria fowleri
81
Culture N. fowleri on non-nutrient agar plated with ____.
E. coli
82
Acanthamoeba castellanii infective stage
Cyst & trophozoite
83
Acanthemoeba castellanii MOT
Inhalation/skin penetration
84
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE) & Amebic keratitis causative agent
A. castellanii
85
Ways to get Amebic keratitis
Contaminated Lens washing
86
Culture of A. castellanii
1. Propagation through Blood agar w/ E. coli
2. Protease yeast glucose concentration with amphotericin B
87
Blastocystis hominis forms
1. Vacuolated
2. Amoeba-like
3. Granular
4. Avacuolar
5. Multiple infusion
88
Virulence factor of Blatocystis hominis
Protease of genetic subtype 3 (for protein degradation)
89
Ameba of pigs
Iodamoeba butschlii
90
Describe I. butschlii nucleus
Single but large, basket-like
91
I. butschlii have chromatoidal body
false
92
I. butschlii cyst vacuole description
Large glycogen vacuole
93
Describe I. butschlii karyosome
Larce eccentric, surrounded by achromatic granules
94
Describe I. buschtlii trophozoite nucleus
Large vesicular
95
I. butschlii trophozoite karyosome is surrounded by what?
Achromatic granules
96
I. butschlii trophozoite movement
Sluggish, usually nonprogressive
97
Describe I. butschlii trophozoite cytoplasm
Coarsely granular
98
I. butschlii trophozoite have peripheral chromatin
False
99
Motor component of Atrial flagellates
Flagella
100
Atrial flagellate that does not inhabit the large intestine
Giardia lamblia
It inhabits small intestines
101
Atrial flagellates that are not commensals
G. lamblia
D. fragilis
T. vaginalis
102
Atrial flagellate that does not undergo encystation
Trichomonads
103
Atrial flagellates divides through
Binay fission
104
Intestinal parasite flagellate of worldwide distribution
Giardia lamblia
105
Final host of Giardia lamblia
Man
106
Giardia lamblia habitat
Small intestines
107
MOT of Giardia lamblia
Ingestion of infective cyst (infective stage)
108
Number of nuclei of Giardia lamblia cyst
2-4
109
Giardia lamblia cyst shape
Football shaped
110
Describe Giardia lamblia trophozoite nucleus
2 nuclei, each with karyosome, lying within the sucking disk
111
Giardia lamblia trophozoite shape
Pear
Teardrop
Pyriform
Old man with eyeglasses
Symmetrical
112
How many flagella does G. lamblia trophozoite have?
4 pairs/ 8 flagella
113
Giardia lamblia movement/motility
Falling leaf
Tumbling motility
Erratic tumbling
114
Diseases caused by Giardia lamblia
Gay bowel syndrome
Traveller's diarrhea
Giardiasis
Backpacker' diarrhea
Beaver fever
115
Describe G. lamblia axostyle
Prominent
116
Giardia lamblia attachment mechanism/organ
Ventral sucking disk
117
Describe Chilomastix mesnilli cyst nucleus
1 with large karyosome
118
Chilomastix mesnilli cyst shape
Tear shape
Lemon shape
119
Describe Chilomastix mesnilli trophozoite nucleus
1 large spherical nucleus w/ small central/eccentric karyosome
120
Chilomastix mesnilli trophozoite motility
Corkscrew
Borring
121
Describe Chilomastix mesnilli trophozoite flagella
3 flagella within the cytosome (Shepherd's crook)
122
Chilomastix mesnilli has a spiral groove
True
123
This parasite is a non commensal amoebo flagellate
Dientamoeba fragilis
124
How many nuclei does D. fragilis have?
2
125
D. fragilis MOT
Injection
126
Diagnosis of D. fragilis
Trophozoite is identified in stained specimen
127
D. fragilis and ___ can co-infect a person at the same time
E. vermicularis
128
Trichomonads undergoes encystation. T or F
No
129
Trichomonads general shape
Pear-shaped
130
How many flagella does trichomonads usually have?
4-5
131
T of F: trichomonads does not have undulating membrane
Mali
132
Trichomonas hominis habitat
Intestine
133
Trichomonas tenax habitat
Oral cavity
134
What trichomonad resides in the urogenital tract and causes strawberry cervix?
Trichomonas vaginalis
135
Which trichomonad is the smallest?
T. tenax
136
Which trichomonad is medium-sized?
T. hominis
137
Which trichomonad is the largest?
T. vaginalis
138
Trichomonad with ovoidal nucleus and has jerky motility
T. hominis
139
Trichomonad with round nucleus and has a jerky motility
T. tenax
140
Tricomonad with undulating membrane that is as long as the costa
T. hominis
141
Trichomonad with undulating membrane that has a length of 2/3 of the costa
T. tenax
142
Trichomonad that has an undulating membrane that has a length 1/2 of the costa
T. vaginalis
143
Which trichomonad has siderophil inclusion bodies?
T. vaginalis
144
Specimen/s for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis
Urine
Vaginal swab
145
Specimen of choice for the diagnosis of T. tenax
Oral scrapings
146
Specimen of choice for the diagnosis of T. hominis
Tae
147
Which trichomonad/s is/are (a) commensal parasite/s?
T. hominis & T. tenax
148
Which trichomonad/s is/are (a) pathogenic parasite/s?
T. vaginalis
149
E. histolytica virulence factors
GAL Nac Lectin (adhesion)
Amoebapores (forms pores to cell membranes)
Cysteine proteinases (cytopathic effects to the cells)
150
These parasites may infect the blood, lymph nodes, muscles, and RES
Hemoflagellates
151
Most prevalent nonviral STI
T. vaginalis
152
T. cruzi & T. brucei infective stage to Final Host
Metacyclic trypomastigote
153
Leishmania spp. infective stage to Final host
Promastigote
154
East african trypanosoma
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
155
West african trypanosoma
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
156
Trypanosoma brucei complex vector
Tsetse fly
157
East african trypanosoma primary reservoir
Animals
158
West african trypanosoma primary reservoir
Humans
159
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense causes (Acute or chronic?) illness
Chronic
160
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense causes (Acute or chronic?) illness
Acute 👉🏽👈🏽
161
Rhodesiense or gambiense: minimal lymphadenopathy
Rhodesiense
162
Rhodesiense or gambiense: Prominent lymphadenopathy
gambiense
163
rhodesiense or gambiense: low parasitemia
gambiense
164
rhodesiense or gambiense: High parasitemia
rhodesiense
165
Trypanosoma brucei complex diagnostic stage
Trypomastigote
166
Trypanosoma brucei complex specimen of choice
CSF
Chancre aspirate
Lymph node aspirate
Blood
167
T. cruzi & T. rangeli vector
Reduviid bugs
Feces of the bug enter through skin break caused by the bug's bite
168
T. rangeli primary reservoir
Wild rodents
169
T. cruzi primary reservoir
Opossums, dogs, cats, wild rodents
170
Symptomatic illness ( T. cruzi or T. rangeli)
cruzi
171
Asymptomatic illness (T. cruzi or T. rangeli)
T. rangeli
172
Cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agent
Leishmania tropica
173
Leishmania tropica infective stage
Promastigote
174
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by
Elevated skin ulcer/s
175
Leishmania tropica vectors
Phlebotomus papatasi & sergeni
176
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis causative agent
Leishmania braziliensis
177
Leishmania braziliensis vector
Phlebotomus perwensis & verucarum
178
Visceral leishmaniasis causative agent
Leishmania donovani
179
Leishmania donovani vector
Argentipes
180
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis A.K.A
New world leishmaniasis
181
Visceral leishmaniasis A.K.A
Kalaazar
Black fever
182
Causes Benign Tertian Malaria
Plasmodium vivax
183
72 hour cycle
Infects old cells
Normal sized RBCs
Plasmodium malariae
184
Causes Quartan malaria
Plasmodium malariae
185
48 hour cycle
Infects lung cells
Enlarged RBCs
Plasmodium vivax
186
36-48 hour cycle
Infects any cell
All size RBCs
Plasmodium falciparum
187
Causes malignant tertian malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
188
24 hour life cycle
Infect any cells
Plasmodium knowlesi
189
Mimics earlier stages of Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium knowlesi
190
48 hour life cycle
Infect young cells
Enlarged RBCs w/ fibriated edges
Plasmodium ovale
191
Plasmodium spp with orange juice dots
Plasmodium ovale
192
Sporogony is the asexual reproduction in man
False
Sporogony is the sexual reproduction in vector
193
Schizogony is the asexual reproduction in man
True
194
Sporozoite is the infective stage to man in Plasmodium spp.
Trut
195
Definitive host of malarial parasites
Vector (Female anopheles mosquito)
196
Intermediate host of malarial parasites
Man
197
Resides in the large intestine
MOT: ingestion of cyst
Has macronucleus for vegetation
Mas micronucleus for reproduction
Balantidium coli
