Protozoa

Question 1

What is Giardiasis caused by?

Answer 1

Giardia lamblia

Question 2

What is the site of action in Giardiasis?

Answer 2

small intestine

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action in Giardiasis?

Answer 3

ingest cysts in water, not killed by normal chlorination

Question 4

Which substances are used to treat Giardiasis?

Answer 4

Metronidazole or nitazoxanide

Question 5

Which geographic area is Giardiasis common in?

Answer 5

Ubiquitous, campers, ski resorts, dogs, wild animals, eps. beavers

Question 6

Which organism causes amebiasis?

Answer 6

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 7

What is the site of infection of amebiasis?

Answer 7

colon, liver or other organs

Question 8

How does amebiasis spread?

Answer 8

Ingest cysts from fecal contamination of water or food, oral/anal behaviors

Question 9

How do we treat amebiasis?

Answer 9

With Iodoquinol or paromomycin

Question 10

Where is amebiasis common?

Answer 10

Worldwide, wherever fecal contamination occurs

Question 11

What is cryptosporiasis caused by?

Answer 11

Cryptosporidium (sporozoa)

Question 12

What is the site of infection of cyrptosporiasis?

Answer 12

Small intestine, respiratory tract

Question 13

What is the mechanism of infection of cryptosporiasis?

Answer 13

ingest oocysts, fecal contamination

Question 14

How do we treat cryptosporiasis?

Answer 14

Nitazoxanide for immunocompetent

Question 15

How is cryptosporiasis spread?

Answer 15

ubiquitous, esp in cattle raising areas

Question 16

What is cyclosporiasis caused by?

Answer 16

Cyclospora

Question 17

What is the site of infection of cyclosporiasis?

Answer 17

Small intestine

Question 18

What is the mechanism of infection of cyclosporiasis?

Answer 18

Oocysts from fecal contamination of water, fresh produce

Question 19

What is the treatment for cyclosporiasis?

Answer 19

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Question 20

Where is cyclosporiasis common?

Answer 20

worldwide, tropics; subtropics

Question 21

Name some intestinal parazoa?

Answer 21

Entamoeba histolytica, cyclospora, cryptosporidium, Giarda lamblia

Question 22

Give any sexually transmitted protozoan disease?

Answer 22

Trichomoniasis

Question 23

What is trichomoniasis caused by?

Answer 23

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 24

What is the site of infection of trichomoniasis?

Answer 24

vagina in females, asymptomatic in males

Question 25

What is the mechanism of infection of trichomoniasis?

Answer 25

trophozoites are spread by sexual intercourse from person to person

Question 26

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?

Answer 26

Metronidazole for both partners

Question 27

Where is trichomoniasis common?

Answer 27

Ubiquitous in sexually active populations

Question 28

Give some blood and tissue flagellates diseases?

Answer 28

East African trypanosomiasis, West African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis,

Question 29

What causes East African trypanosomiasis?

Answer 29

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Question 30

What is the site of infection of east and west African sleeping sickness?

Answer 30

blood, lymph

Question 31

What is the mechanism of infection of both types of sleeping sickness?

Answer 31

tstetse bite lacerates the skin and releases trypomastigotes

Question 32

What is the treatment for East African Trypanosomiasis?

Answer 32

early hemolytic stage Suramin, late CNS stage Melarsoprol

Question 33

What is the treatment for West African Trypanosomiasis?

Answer 33

Pentamide in hemolytic stage, Eflornithine in late CNS stage

Question 34

What causes Chagas disease?

Answer 34

Trypanosome cruzi

Question 35

What is the site of infection of chagas disease?

Answer 35

amastigotes intracellular, heart, parasympathetic ganglia

Question 36

What is the mechanism of infection of chagas disease?

Answer 36

Kissing bug feces rubbed into eye. blood transfusion, transplacental transmission

Question 37

What is the treatment given for chagas disease?

Answer 37

Benznidazole

Question 38

What causes the cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 38

Leishmania major, leishmania tropica

Question 39

What is the site of infection for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 39

skin, rolled edge ulceration

Question 40

What is the mechanism of infection of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 40

sandfly injects promastigotes, amastigotes in macrophages, moncytes

Question 41

What is the treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 41

stibogluconate sodium, meglumine antimonate, pentamidine