Protozoa Flashcards
(36 cards)
Giardia lamblia
Foul smelling and fatty diarrhea. transmission = cysts in water. Dx: trophozoites - looks like a rasta or cysts in stool. Tx: metronidazole.
Entabmeoba histolytica
Amebiasis: bloody diarrhea, liver abscess (anchovy paste), RUQ pain with flask shaped ulcers. Cysts with multiple nuclei in stool. Tx: metronidazole
Cryptosporidium
Severe diarrhea in AIDS. Mild watery diarrhea in nonIC. Cysts on acid fast stain. tx = nitazoxanide
Toxoplasma gondii
Brain abscess in HIV (ring enhancing lesion on CT).
Congenital: triad of retininits, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications. Transmission: cysts in meat or cat feces. Tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine.
Naegleria fowleri
causes rapidly fatal encephalitis. transmission: swim in freshwater and enters via cribiform plate. Dx: amoebas in spinal fluid. Tx: amphotericin
Trypanosoma brucei
Disease: African sleeping sickness. Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence, and coma. Transmit: tsetse fly. Dx- blood smear. Tx - Suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration.
Plasmodium
Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly.
vivax and ovale can be dormant in liver as hypnozoite. Transmission - mosquito. dx: ring in rbc. Tx: chloroquine. if life threatening - quinidine. for vivax/ovale and primaquine for hypnozoites in liver.
Babesia
Fever and hemolytic anemia. mostly in NE US. Maltese cross in rbc. transmission : ixodes tick (same borrelia burgdorferi of lyme disease…often coinfect) Tx: Atovaquone + Azithromycin.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas Disease: Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus. Mostly in South America. Transmission : Reduviid bug. Tx: Nifurtimox.
Leishmania donovani
Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia. Transmission: sandfly. Dx: macrophages contain amastigotes. Tx: Sodium stibogluconate
Trichomonas vaginalis
vaginitis: foul smelling, green discharge. Sexual transmission. Motile trophozoites on wet mount. Tx: metronidazole for pt and partner.
Enterobius vermicularis
Nematode. Pinworm. Food with eggs. Ana pruritus and scotch tape test. tx: mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
Ascaris lumbricoides
Nematode. Fecal oral. intestinal infection. Tx: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate.
Strongyloides stercoralis
Nematode. Larvae in soil penetrate the skin. Intestinal infection. Tx: ivermectin or albendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
Nematode. Hookworms. Larvae penetrate skin. Intestinal infection that causes anemia b/c worms suck blood from intestinal wall. Tx. Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate.
dracunculus medinensis
nematode. In drinking water. forms ulcer. Slow removal.
Onchocerca volvulus
Blackfly bite. Black skin nodules and blindness. Tx: Ivermectin
Loa Loa
Deer fly. Swelling in skin and worm in conjunctiva. Tx: diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mosquito transmission. Blocks lymphatic vessels to cause elephantiasis. tx: diethylcarbamazine.
Toxocara canis
food contaminated with eggs. Disease: visceral larval migrans. Tx: Albendazole or mebendazole
Nematode routes of infection
Ingested: Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
Cutaneous: Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, necator.
get sick if you EAT these. Get in you feet from SANd.
Taenia solium
Tapeworm. Ingest larva in pork. Intestinal infection or cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis (calcified). tx: Praziquantel. bendazoles for neurocysticercosis.
Diphyllobothrium latum
tapeworm. larvae
from raw freshwater fish. Disease: Vit b12 deficiency b/c competes for B12 in intestine. anemia. tx: Praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus
Ingestion of eggs from dog feces. its a tapeworm. cysts in liver. anaphylaxis if antigens released so surgeons preinject with ethanol before removal. tx: bendazoles.
