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parasitology > protozoa - apicomplexans - coccidia > Flashcards

protozoa - apicomplexans - coccidia Flashcards

1
Q

apicomplexans morphology

A

unicellular, eukaryote, organelles

apical complex: organelle at anterior end, help penetrate host cell

some have micropyle (small opening) and micropyle cap

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2
Q

Cystoisospora host

A

dogs, cats, pigs

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3
Q

Cystoisospora morphology

A

infective form = oocyte
-must be sporulated to be infective
-sporulated oocyte contains: 2 sporocysts, each sporocyst has 4 sporozoites

small, ovoid shape, no locomotion structures – glides

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4
Q

Cystoisospora source

A

-feces: fecal-oral cycle
-ingestion of sporulated oocysts from feces of infected animal, feces-contaminated food/water, infected paratenic host
-oocysts are NOT sporulated in FRESH feces (it takes hours/<1 day for sporulation to occur

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5
Q

Cystoisospora clinical signs

A

-often asymptomatic
-diarrhea: higher risk if - very young, stress, immunosuppression, other underlying disease

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6
Q

Cystoisospora pathology

A

-disease = coccidiosis
-intracellular pathogen
-invades small intestinal epithelial cells
-stunted intestinal villi –> decreased absorptive surface
-diarrhea

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7
Q

Cystoisospora diagnosis

A

-fecal float
-shed intermittently (recommend >1 test)
-identify oocysts: unsporulated in fresh, sporulated if hours old

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8
Q

what do sporulated Cystoisospora oocysts contain?

A

two sporocysts
each sporocyst contains 4 sporozoites

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9
Q

Cystoisospora treatment and prevention

A

-medication
-supportive care (hydration, nutritional support)

-good sanitation
-prophylatic treatment (swine)
-clean environment: oocysts are very resistant
steam clean, 10% ammonia solution

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10
Q

Cystoisospora zoonotic?

A

no; coccidia are species-specific

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11
Q

coccidian life cycle

A

PPP: 4-14 days
oocysts can be shed for 1-3 weeks
very resistant

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12
Q

3 phase of coccidian life cycle

A
  1. schizogony - asexual phase
  2. gamogony - sexual phase
  3. sporogony - maturation phase
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13
Q

schizogony

A

-asexual phase
-host ingests oocyst
-sporozoites exit oocyst
-infect host cell –>schizont
-multiple division –> produce merzoites
-repeated numerous times

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14
Q

gamogony

A

-sexual phase
-merozoites infect host cell and differentiate: male- micro gametocytes, female-macro gametocytes
-microgametocytes develop flagella
-fertilize macrogametocytes
-produce thick-walled oocyst

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15
Q

sporogony

A

-oocyst maturation phase
-sporocysts develop within oocyst
-sporozoites develop inside sporocysts
-takes hours/<1 day
-for most species, this is completed outside host
-once sporulation occurs, oocyst is infective

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16
Q

Eimeria host

A

species-specific, basically everything BUT cats and dogs

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17
Q

Eimeria morphology

A

-infective form = oocyst
-must be sporulated to be infective
-oocyst contains: 4 sporocysts; each sporocyst contains 2 sporozoites

everything else same as cystoisospora

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18
Q

Eimeria source and transmission

A

fecal-oral (no paratenic hosts)

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19
Q

Eimeria pathology

A

infects small intestinal epithelial cells

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20
Q

Eimeria diagnosis

A

id oocysts on fecal float

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21
Q

Eimeria treatment

A

medication
supportive care

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22
Q

Eimeria prevention

A

good sanitation
prophylactic treatment for food-producing animals (does not prevent infection but allows host to build immunity)

23
Q

Eimeria zoonotic?

24
Q

Cryptosporidium host

A

mammals, birds, reptiles, humans

25
Cryptosporidium morphology
-infective form = oocyst -sporulate within host (immediately infection; auto-infection possible) -sporulated oocyst contains: NO sporocysts, 4 sporozoites -small -spherical to oval -no structures for locomotion
26
Cryptosporidium clinical signs
asymptomatic or diarrhea
27
Cryptosporidium source and transmission
fecal-oral paratenic host
28
Cryptosporidium patho
infects gastric or small intestinal epithelial cells
29
Cryptosporidium diagnosis
PCR acid-fast stain of fecal smear ID oocysts on fecal float (difficult bc so small)
30
Cryptosporidium treatment
medication - non approved supportive care
31
Cryptosporidium prevention
good sanitation prevent ingestion of fecal-contamined food/water
32
Cryptosporidium zoonotic?
yes, but many are species specific
33
Toxoplasma gondii host
definitive = cats paratenic = mammals
34
Toxoplasma gondii morphology
infective form = sporulated oocysts -leaves host unsporulated -must be sporulated to be infective (sporulates in 1-5 days) -sporulated oocyst contains: 2 sporocysts, each sporocyst contains 4 sporozoites -spherical shape
35
Toxoplasma gondii life cycle
3 important life stages 1. oocysts: shed in cat feces, develop in definitive host ONLY, infective after sporulating 2. tachyzoites: within all hosts; multiply quickly; responsible for clinical signs 3. bradyzoites: within cysts in all hosts; multiply slowly; infective if ingested
36
Toxoplasma gondii life cycle - paratenic/intermediate hosts
-schizogony: tachzoites -- spread to tissues; bradyzoites -- in tissue cysts -no gamogony -no sporogony
37
Toxoplasma gondii life cycle - definitive host
-schizogony: tachyzoites -- spread to tissues; bradyzoites -- in tissue cysts -gamogony (sexual) -sporogony (oocyst sporulation)
38
Toxoplasma gondii source
-oocysts: in feces of infect cats; fecal-contaminated water, food, soil -tissue cysts: in tissues of infected paratenic host -infected mother: transmitted to fetus
39
Toxoplasma gondii transmission
-ingestion: direct ingestion of sporulated cysts; indirect ingestion of paratenic host with tissue cysts containing bradyzoites -transplacental: infection of female during pregnancy --> tachyzoites invade placenta, fetus
40
Toxoplasma gondii clinical signs
-diarrhea -can disseminate via lymphatic and portal system to many organs and tissues: brain --> encephalitis, CNS signs lungs --> pneumonia liver --> hepatitis muscle --> muscle pain, stiffness eyes --> inflammation, ocular disease fetus --> abortion, CNS disease
41
Toxoplasma gondii pathology
acute disease -GI signs, diarrhea: tachyzoites multiplying in intestinal cells -tachyzoites invade other organs and tissues chronic phase -bradyzoites form tissue cysts: due to immune pressure from host -few to no clinical signs -tissue cysts may remain for life -if host immune system wanes: tissue cyst can rupture; bradyzoites become active tachyzoites; disease recurs
42
Toxoplasma gondii diagnosis
-serology: measuring 2 antibody types - IgM and IgG -fecal float: oocysts -histopathology: biopsy - bradyzoites in tissue cysts; postmortem -PCR
43
Toxoplasma gondii treatment
-medication -supportive care
44
Toxoplasma gondii prevention
-prevent ingestion of sporulated cysts from cat feces -prevent ingestion of bradyzoites: prevent predation, cook meat thoroughly
45
Toxoplasma gondii zoonotic?
yes
46
neospora caninum host
definitive - dogs intermediate - many, like cattle, sheep, horses, goats
47
neospora caninum predilection site
definitive host - intestinal mucosa, CNS intermediate host - repro system, nervous system
48
neospora caninum clinical signs
dogs: neurologic signs cattle: major cause of abortions
49
sarcocystis host
definitive: carnivores intermediate: herbivore (horses, cattle, sheep, goats)
50
sarcocystis predilection site
definitive host: GI tract intermediate host: skeletal muscle
51
sarcocystis clinical signs
definitive host: myostits, GI, or neurologic signs intermediate: usually asymptomatic exception in horse: severe neurologic disease
52
hematozoon host
definitive: dogs intermediate: ticks
53
hematozoon clinical signs
musculoskeletal- periosteal bone proliferation, joint and muscle pain chronic wasting, death

parasitology (7 decks)

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