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Parasites > Protozoa - Flagellates > Flashcards

Protozoa - Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

What does it infect?

A

Intestinal, genito-urinary tract, tissue, blood

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2
Q

What are the 2 species of intestinal flagellates?

A
  1. Giardia intestinalis
  2. Pentatricho monas hominis
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3
Q

What is the infective stage of Giardia intestinalis?

A

Cyst

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4
Q

What is the mode of transmisison of Giardia intestinalis?

A

Ingestion of cysts in food or water
Faecal-oral transmission

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5
Q

What is Giardia intestinalis common in?

A

Stools

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6
Q

What does Giardia intestinalis cause?

A

Giardiasis
- Often asymptomatic
- Acute or chronic (recurrent episodes) diarrhoea
- Sudden explosive watery diarrhoea (bulky, frothy, greasy, foul-smelling stools, no blood or mucus)
- Upper gastro-intestinal uneasiness, bloating, flatulence, belching, cramps, nausea, vomiting, anorexia

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7
Q

How to diagnose Giardia intestinalis?

A
  • Stools for trophozoites, cysts
  • Duodenal samples for trophozoites (duodenal drainage, duodenal capsule technique)
  • Enzyme immunoassay for Giardia antigen (or direct fluorescence assay/cartridge)
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8
Q

How to treat Giardia intestinalis?

A

Metronidazole 250mg tid x 5 days

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9
Q

What is the infective stage of Pentatricho monas hominis?

A

Trophozoite

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10
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Pentatricho monas hominis**?

A

Ingestion of trophozoites in food or water

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11
Q

What disease does Pentatricho monas hominis cause?

A

Nonpathogenic!

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12
Q

What is the species of genito-urinary tract flagellate?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Sexually

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14
Q

Where is Trichomonas vaginalis triphozoites present in?

A

Female vagine, male urethra

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15
Q

How long is the incubation of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

4-20 days

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16
Q

What are the clinical presentations in females with Trichomonas vaginalis?

A
  • 50% asymptomatic
  • Acute or chronic vaginitis
  • Urethritis
    - **Vagina and cervix erythematous with small punnctate haemorrhages and ulcerations
  • Purulent, frothy yellow-greenish discharge**
  • Pruritus, burning sensation on urination
17
Q

What are the clinical presentations in males with Trichomonas vaginalis?

A
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Mild dysuria or pruritus
  • Minor urethral discharge
18
Q

How to diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

- Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge, prostatic secretion, urine sediment (motile trophozoite seen in wet preparation)
- Culture of vaginal swab in soft agar
- Commercial detection kit (InPouch TV)
- Antigen detection (OSOM Trichomonas Rapid Test)

19
Q

How to treat Trichomonas vaginalis?

A
  • Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2g once or 250mg tid orally x 7 days
  • Sexual partners also to be treated

Parasites (5 decks)

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