Protozoa-intro

Question 1

How do protozoa reproduce

Answer 1

asexual

Question 2

What are some characteristics of Sarcomastigophora

Answer 2

distinct nucleus
Flagella
Asexual
Direct and indirect lifecycles

Question 3

What is the main disease of Sarcomastigophora

Answer 3

Giaridia

Question 4

What are some characteristics of Giardia

Answer 4

Transferred by fecal

Direct lifecycle

Question 5

What is the most common form of giardia

Answer 5

Duodenalis

Question 6

What do you see in a fecal float of Giardia

Answer 6

Cyst

Question 7

Where do you see Giardia trophozoites

Answer 7

Smears

Question 8

What do Giardia trophozoites look like

Answer 8

2 nuclei
8 flagella
Adhesive disk

Question 9

How many nuclei does the Giardia cyst have

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What stage is Giardia transferred in

Answer 10

Ingested in cyst stage

Question 11

What are the clinical signs of Giardia

Answer 11

Diarrhea

Majority asymptomatic

Question 12

What are some characteristics of Tritichomonas

Answer 12

Flagella
Undulating membrane
axostyle
pseudocysts
longitudinal binary fission

Question 13

Characteristics of T. Foetus

Answer 13

Bovine

Venerial disease

Question 14

Clinical features of T. Foetus

Answer 14

Early or late term abortions
breeding rates decrease
asymptomatic in bulls

Question 15

How to diagnose Trich

Answer 15

Collect organisms

Culture organisms

Question 16

Characteristics of feline trich

Answer 16

large bowel disease

chronic diarrhea

Question 17

How do you diagnose feline Trichomoniasis

Answer 17

Direct fecal smear

Culture

Question 18

What’s the difference between Tritrich and Giardia movement

Answer 18

Trich is spastic

Giardia is fluidlike

Question 19

Characteristics of Trypanosomes

Answer 19

Transmitted by blood feeding invertebrates
Kietoplast
Pleomorphic
cytoskeleton
Single nucleus

Question 20

What is characteristic of trypomastigote

Answer 20

Elongated cell body
single flagellum
newer infections
in blood

Question 21

What is characteristic of amastigote

Answer 21

Rounded cell body
Short flagellum
in muscles

Question 22

What is the vector of Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 22

Reduviid bug

Question 23

How is trypanosoma cruzi transferred

Answer 23

Metacyclic trypomastigotes in the feces of indirect host

Question 24

What organs do trypomastigotes target

Answer 24

spleen
liver
lymph

Question 25

What happens in acute disease of trypanosomaiasis

Answer 25

myocarditis lethargy hepatomegaly

Question 26

What happens in chronic infection of trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 26

Dilated enlarged heart arrhythmia lethargy

Question 27

How do diagnose trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 27

TESA blot | ELISA

Question 28

What are the treatments for Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 28

none

Question 29

Characteristics of Apicomplexa

Answer 29

``` Distinct nucleus subpellicular tubules Apical complex Species/organ specific monoxenous ```

Question 30

What species does Cystoisospora infect

Answer 30

dogs cats pigs humans

Question 31

What species does Eimeria infect

Answer 31

``` birds cattle/small ruminates horses rodents pigs ```

Question 32

How does both cystoisopora and Eimera reproduce

Answer 32

``` Asexual and sexual reproduction -sporogony -schizogony -gametogony Sporulated oocyst ```

Question 33

What does the host injest

Answer 33

Sporulated oocyst

Question 34

Characteristics of sporulated Cystoisospora oocysts

Answer 34

2 sporocysts each with 4 sporozoites

Question 35

Characteristics of sporulated Eimeria oocysts

Answer 35

4 sporocysts each with 2 sporozoites

Question 36

What happens in sporogony

Answer 36

oocyst replicates and releases many sporozoites | asexual in environment

Question 37

What happens in schizogony

Answer 37

asexual inside host

Question 38

what is gametogony

Answer 38

sexual inside of host

Question 39

What are some characteristics of Emieria

Answer 39

Resistant oocyst Development in ileum and colon intracellular

Question 40

What are clinical signs of Eimeria

Answer 40

diarrhea

Question 41

Characterictics of E. bovis

Answer 41

easier to diagnose Oocysts present when disease begins Gametogony causes majority of damage

Question 42

Characteristics of E. zuernii

Answer 42

most severe Schizogony produces most damage projectile bloody diarrhea (basically like eating chipotle)

Question 43

Characteristics of Cystoisospora suis

Answer 43

Pigs 1st disease of suckling piglets Contaminated feces sporozoites penetrate villous epithelium

Question 44

Clinical signs of Cystoisospora suis

Answer 44

pasty/liquid diarrhea | no blood in feces

Question 45

How to prevent Coccidiosis

Answer 45

reduce fecal contamination | automatic watering systems

Question 46

What is the main difference between esistoisporia and Cryptospordium

Answer 46

Crypto can reinfect host | Sporogony is different

Question 47

clinical signs of crypto

Answer 47

yellow, profuse, watery diarrhea

Question 48

What cell type are all Protozoa

Answer 48

Eukaryotic

Question 49

Hosts of toxoplasma gondii

Answer 49

Intermediate: most mammals Definitive: cats

Question 50

Transmission of Toxoplasmosis

Answer 50

oocysts raw meat transplacental

Question 51

What are the three life stages of toxoplamsa

Answer 51

Tachyzoite: asexual division, rapid, liver, lungs, spleen Bradyzoites: slowly dividing, heart, brain, eyes Sexual reproduction

Question 52

What is the main way cats get Toxoplasma Gondii

Answer 52

Eat oocyst | also have tachyzoite: congenital, and bradyzoite: IH

Question 53

Where are oocysts located

Answer 53

feces

Question 54

What stages of Toxoplasma are unique to cat

Answer 54

Schizogony gametogony

Question 55

What varies the prepatent period of toxoplasma gondii

Answer 55

how the cat is infected

Question 56

Clinical signs of Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 56

no confirmed oocyst shedding | fever, anorexia, jaundice, death

Question 57

Diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii

Answer 57

Fecal float

Question 58

What are the DH and IH of Sarcocystis

Answer 58

DH: carnivore IH: herbivore

Question 59

What is the lifecycle of Sarcocystis

Answer 59

Gametogony occurs in intestine of DH Sporocytes released into feces Schizogony occurs in endothelial cells of blood vessels Ruptures and sarcocysts form in skeletal muscle

Question 60

Clinical signs of Sacocystis cruzi

Answer 60

``` IH fever diarrhea abortion decreased milk yield ```

Question 61

What is a horse to Sarcocystis neurona

Answer 61

Dead end host | Schizonts develop in neural cells and destroy them

Question 62

What is the DH for Cytauxzoon felis

Answer 62

Cats

Question 63

what is the IH for Cytauxzoon felis

Answer 63

lonestar tick | dog tick

Question 64

What is the reservoir for Cytauxzoon felis

Answer 64

bobcats

Question 65

Life cycle of cytauxzoon felis

Answer 65

asexual repro in salivary glands of tick schizogony occurs in macrophages of cat merozoites released when macrophage ruptures enter erythrocytes develop into piroplasms tick ingests piroplasms

Question 66

How pathogenic is cytauxzoon felis

Answer 66

very pathogenic

Question 67

What are the two forms of cytauxzoon felis

Answer 67

fatal and non-fatal

Question 68

What is the most destructive phase of cytauxzoon felis

Answer 68

Schizogenous phase | block blood vessels