Protozoa pt 5

Question 1

Sarcocystis neurona common name

Answer 1

(EPM) Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Question 2

Sarcocystis neurona Definitive host

Answer 2

opossum

Question 3

Sarcocystis neurona Intermediate host

Answer 3

-cat, striped skunk, armadillo, fishers, raccoons, etc

Question 4

Sarcocystis neurona aberrant host

Answer 4

-horse

Question 5

Sarcocystis neurona ppp

Answer 5

7-14 days

Question 6

Sarcocystis neurona pp

Answer 6

1 week to several months

Question 7

Sarcocystis neurona after ingestion and matures into______ int the ______ take _______

Answer 7

• sarcocyst
• muscle
• 2-3 months

Question 8

Sarcocystis neurona normal life cycle

Answer 8

• Gametogony in final host

- Schizogony in termediate host leads to bradyzoites in muscle tissue

Question 9

Sarcocystis neurona accidental life cycle

Answer 9

-Schizonnts develop into horse’s neurons, not in muscle cells

Question 10

Sarcocystis neurona pathogenesis and lesions: final host

Answer 10

-Final host non path

Question 11

Sarcocystis neurona pathogenesis and lesions: intermediate host

Answer 11

-intermediate host pathogenic effect due to 2nd schizogony in vascular endothelium

Question 12

Sarcocystis neurona pathogenesis and lesions: accidental host

Answer 12

-pathogenic due to 3rd schizogony in nervous tissue rather than muscle

Question 13

Sarcocystis neurona clinical signs: horses

Answer 13

• progressively debilitating disease affecting cns, brain, brainstem, and spinal cord
• unusual lameness or seizures
• difficulty with standing/walking
• may progress very rapidly

Question 14

what is important about EMP in the united states

Answer 14

-the most commonly diagnosed infectious equine neurologic disease

Question 15

EPM diagnosis: antemortem

Answer 15

• clinical signs
• western blotting, 14, 13 and 3 kDa
• PCR-CSF

Question 16

EPM diagnosis: postmortem

Answer 16

-histopathological demonstration of S. neurona in CNS

Question 17

Sarcocystis neurona treatment and prevention

Answer 17

• opossum control critical: prevent opossums defecating where horses are fed
• antiprotozoals can rid horse of Sarcocystis neurona organisms, but cns damage may remain

Question 18

Sarcocystis neurona EPM treatment prognosis

Answer 18

• applied ASAP

- successful recovery in 70-75%

Question 19

Neospora spp. final host

Answer 19

-Dog/other canids

Question 20

Neospora spp. intermediate host

Answer 20

-dog, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, others

Question 21

Neospora spp. ID

Answer 21

-oocysts 12 micron and color less

Question 22

Neospora spp. life cycle

Answer 22

• gametogony in dog

- sporulated oocysts ingested by IH (including dog), excyst and enter cells extraintestinally

Question 23

Neospora spp. most infections occur in ____ via_____

Answer 23

• Cattle and dog

- transplacentally (tachyzoites)

Question 24

Neospora spp. what is the infective stage for the final host

Answer 24

-Bradyzoites in cysts (in neural cells)

Question 25

Neospora spp. infective stage for IH

Answer 25

sporulated oocyst

Question 26

Neospora spp. site of infection FH

Answer 26

Intestine

Question 27

Neospora spp. site of infection IH

Answer 27

- many types of cells | - predilection site CNS

Question 28

Neospora spp. pathogenesis/lesions/CS

Answer 28

- cells of CNS/heart/muscle/liver/kidney/all organs - Tachyzoites cause cells to die - abortion in cattle at 3-9 month preg (most 4-6mo) - Fetus: brain most consistently affected and encephalitis most common lesion

Question 29

Neospora spp. Diagnosis

Answer 29

- Serology on serum and CSF - Samples of tissues at necropsy - differentiation T. gondii and sarcocystis spp

Question 30

Neospora spp. Treatment and prevention

Answer 30

- no drug effective against tissue cysts in cattle - prevent contact with feces from infected dogs - good hygiene - proper dispose of aborted fetuses - vaccinate healthy cows in first trimester to reduce abortion

Question 31

Cryptosporidium spp. common name

Answer 31

crypto

Question 32

Cryptosporidium spp. host

Answer 32

- wide range of vertebrate hosts | - cross infection among host species

Question 33

which Cryptosporidium spp. has cattle as a host

Answer 33

- C. parvum (cattle younger than 3 wk) | - C. andersoni (older calves weaned and adult cattle and infects abomasum)

Question 34

which Cryptosporidium spp. has humans as a host

Answer 34

- C. parvum | - C. hominis (previously a type of C. parvum)

Question 35

Cryptosporidium spp. ID

Answer 35

-oocysts 4-8 microns, transparent -similar to other coccidia except =smaller and at the microvillar surface of epithelial cells =neonatal or young animals

Question 36

Cryptosporidium spp. life cycle

Answer 36

-direct autoinfection ingestion inhalation

Question 37

Cryptosporidium spp. site of infection

Answer 37

- epithelial cells of digestive tract | - the respiratory tract

Question 38

Cryptosporidium spp. Pathogenesis/lesions/CS

Answer 38

- may be inapparent - diarrhea - immunocompromised patients at high risk

Question 39

Cryptosporidium spp. diagnosis

Answer 39

- oocysts in fecal slides: (direct or conc sugar floatation and stain) - acid fast stains such as ziehl-neelsen stains parasite red - ELISA for detection of specific antigens - IFA

Question 40

Cryptosporidium spp. treatment and prevention

Answer 40

- none - supportive therapy - use filters with 4 micron aperture - sanitation - reportable