protozoans Flashcards
(23 cards)
Sarcodina
locomotion: amoeboid movement
pseudopods - false feet
no particular shape
exoskeleton (radiolaria & foraminifera)
Amoeba proteus
sarcodina
non-pathogen
free living, saprophyte
Radiolaria
sarcodina
non-pathogen
exoskeleton - silicon dioxide
free living, saprophyte
Foraminifera
sarcodina
non-pathogen
exoskeleton - calcium carbonate
free living, saprophyte
Entamoeba gingivalis
sarcodina
non-pathogen
commensal (in mouth)
Entamoeba coli
sarcodina
non-pathogen
mutulist (in colon)
makes vitamin B
Entamoeba histolytica
sarcodina
pathogen - vacuoles with red blood cells from host
disease: amoebic dysentery/amoebiasis
transmission: ingestion of cysts
symptoms: peritonitis (secondary bacterial infections), abscesses on vital organs
treatment: Flagyl
Iodamoeba butschlii
sarcodina
pathogen
disease: gastroenteritis (type of dysentery)
transmission: food and water born - ingestion of cyst (oral/fecal route)
Endolimax nana
sarcodina
pathogen
disease: gastroenteritis (dysentery)
transmission: food and water born (oral/fecal route) ingestion of cyst
Naegleria fowleri
sarcodina
true pathogen
disease: meningoencephalitis
transmission: swimming (nasal mucosa –> meninges & brain
dimorphic - amoeba (25C), flagellate (37C)
Ciliophora
locomotion: cilia
most structurally advanced, extremely complex cells
asexual reproduction - fission (macronucleus)
sexual reproduction - conjugation (micronucleus) - mixing of genes
Ciliophora
locomotion: cilia
most structurally advanced, extremely complex cells
asexual reproduction - fission (macronucleus)
sexual reproduction - conjugation (micronucleus) - mixing of genes
Paramecium caudatum
ciliophora
non-pathogen
food –> peristome –> cytostome, –> cytopharynx –> food vacuoles –> anal pore
Balantidium coli
ciliophora pathogen largest protozoan that is a pathogen habitat: colon of humans and swine disease: gastroenteritis/dysentery (may invade other tissues and enter cerebral spinal fluid) transmission: oral/fecal diagnosis: ID cyst in feces (fecal smear) treatment: metronidazole
Mastigophora
locomotion: flagella
asexual reproduction - fission
sexual reproduction - gametes
Euglena species
mastigophora non-pathogen protozoan and algae nutrition: chemoorganotroph (cytostome), phototroph (chloroplast) eye spot: senses light
Euglena species
mastigophora non-pathogen protozoan and algae nutrition: chemoorganotroph (cytostome), phototroph (chloroplast) eye spot: senses light
Giardia lamblia
mastigophora
pathogen - “old man in stool”
disease: giardiasis
symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, intestinal gas, weakness
pathology: erosion of small intestine epithelium,
self-limiting: last two or more weeks
transmission: oral/fecal
animal reservoirs: wild mammals (beavers), domestsic horses, mules
diagnosis: cyst in feces
treatment: metronidazole, flagyl
Trichomonas vaginalis
mastigophora
pathogen/STD
undulating membrane & flagella
no cyst, trophozoite form only
transmission: sexual contact (transferred quickly, trophozoite can live outside body for 3-4 mins)
symptoms: vaginitis (female), asymptomatic (male)
daignosis: microscopic examination of trophozoite from discharge
treatment - metronidazole, flagyl
Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense
mastigophora pathogen disease: african sleeping sickness causes the most serious flagellate disease undulating membrane transmission: bite of tse-tse fly treatment: Eflornithine
Trypanosoma cruzi
mastigophora
pathogen
disease: chaga’s disease
location: south america, central america, mexico, texas
undulating membrane & flagella
animal reseroirs: rodents, opossums, armadillos
transmission: bite of reduviid bug (bed bug)
symptoms: fatal myocarditis, encephalitis
treatment: none - intracellular reproduction of parasite is difficult to treat
Sporozoa
sporaozoans
locomotion: non-motile
all species are pathogens
obligate intracellular parasite - needs to be inside host cell
Cryptosporidium parvum
sporozoan
disease: Cryptosporidiosis
transmission: water contaminated with cysts (oocyst) from animal live stock waste (cattle (oral/fecal)
symptoms: gastroenteritis - diarrhea, 24 hr flu
AIDS patients - severe symptoms, death
treatment: poor, lack of effective drugs
diagnosis: microscopic ID - cysts in fecal samples, fluorescent antibody test - detect oocysts in water source
