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russia - depth study > provisional government > Flashcards

provisional government Flashcards

1
Q

what happened on 14th February 1917

A
  • around 100,000 workers from 58 different factories went on strike in petrograd
  • due to news that bread would be rationed from 1st march
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2
Q

what happened on the 22nd of february

A
  • 20,000 workers get locked out of the Putilov iron works by the management after pay talks collapse, workers in other factories join the strike in support
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3
Q

what happened on the 23rd of February

A
  • as it was international women’s day there was a march
  • 90,000 workers also went on strike and 50 factories closed
  • about 240,000 on the streets
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4
Q

what happened on the 24th of February

A
  • 200,000 workers went on strike and crowds overturn tsarist statues
  • calling for an end to tsardom
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5
Q

what happened on the 25th of February

A
  • police chief Shalfeev is dragged from his horse beaten and shot
  • newspaper and public transport closed
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6
Q

how did the Tsar begin to lose control of the armed forces

A
  • Cossack troops refused to fire on strikers
  • Pavlovsky Lifeguards refused to obey orders
  • the Volinsky Regiment mutinied and even joined the rebels
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7
Q

what happened with the state duma on the 26th February

A
  • told to disband by the Tsar
  • instead created a 12 man committee to take over running the country
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8
Q

what happens on the 28th February

A
  • the Tsar has lost control over the workers, armed forces and the Duma
  • offers a power share with the Duma but lead Rodzianko refused as it was too late
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9
Q

what was order number 1

A
  • in march 1st workers soviets joined to make the Petrograd Soviet
  • they announced order number 1 which gave the petrograd soviet control over the armed forces
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10
Q

how did the Tsar ultimately abdicate

A
  • on 28th February Nicholas tired to return to Petrograd but his train was stoppedby anti-government protesters
  • the state duma convinced him to abdicate
  • nicholas nominated his brother Grand Duke Michail to take the throne however he refused
  • Russia then ceased to have a monarchy
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11
Q

who was announced the prime minister of the provisional government

A
  • Prince Lvov
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12
Q

what reforms did the prov gov make to show they were more democratic

A
  • freedom of the press, religion, speech, no censorship
  • abolition of the Okhrana and right to trial by jury
  • release of political prisoners
  • prepare for a constituent assembly with the goal to be free elections to create a democratic government
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13
Q

why did the provisional government have a problem with legitimacy

A
  • had connections with the old order as they were the members of the state duma and had not been elected
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14
Q

why was the fact that the provisional government was dominated by Octobrists and Kadets a problem

A
  • these were minority groups and therefore not reflective of the growing popularity of more radical and left wing parties such as the Bolsheviks
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15
Q

what was the petrograd soviet and what was it’s role

A
  • by June 1917 it had developed into the All Russian Soviet and had the right to declare laws as well as the prov gov e.g. order number 1
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16
Q

what was dual authority and how did it come about

A
  • in march-october 1917 the petrograd soviet and prov gov shared political power
  • on may 6th members of the soviet joined the prov gov
  • kerensky who was chairman of the petrograd soviet became leader of prov gov in july
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17
Q

what were the differences in ideals between the prov gov and petrograd soviet

A
  • the prov gov was mainly liberal but the petrograd soviet became increasingly left wing
  • e.g. by october the leading social democrat group in the soviet was the Bolsheviks
18
Q

what problems did the war cause by march 1917

A
  • loss of territory in Poland and Western Russia, millions of soldiers dead and mutiny in soldiers or sailors was common
19
Q

why did the prov gov stay in the war

A
  • felt compelled as they were allies to France and Britain and owed them money from loans
20
Q

what did the petrograd soviet and prov gov disagree over in terms of war

A
  • the petrograd soviet only wanted to stay in the war to stop germany from gaining more land but not to gain more land
  • prov gov aimed to take more land from the Ottoman empire and pledged to continue fighting on the same terms as before
21
Q

what happened in april 1917

A
  • were demonstrations of people being against the continuation of the war
  • e.g. foreign minister milyukov resigned as well as the war minister Ghukov in may
22
Q

what was the June offensive

A
  • intended to be a large push against the Austro-Hungarian army to gain land for Russia
  • after a few days it was clear that the Russian army was losing
  • may desertions
23
Q

what did peasants begin to do after the Tsarist autocracy fell

A
  • seize land from land owners often by violence
  • many soldiers deserted to take land
24
Q

what were Lenin’s ideas when he returned to Russia

A
  • marxism
  • Russia was behind the west as it was still a largely agricultural society
  • helped Russia progress quickly through the stages of marxism by making a small ‘vanguard’ party to lead the workers through the stages
25
Q

where was lenin before march 1917

A
  • exiled to Zurich
26
Q

how did lenin return to Russia

A
  • was allowed to by Germany to return to petrograd in a sealed train
27
Q

what was the April Thesis on april 3rd

A
  • Lenin’s ideas surrounding the provisional government
  • arguing the februrary revolution could be followed by a socialist revolution
  • war should end immediately
  • power should be with the workers in the form of a soviet government
  • confiscate land from land owners
28
Q

how did Lenin try and gain support

A
  • held many speeches and publications
  • promoted the importance of the soviets (were popular with the workers)
  • all power to the soviets slogan
  • peace, land and bread slogan
29
Q

what were 2 early attempts of Lenin to try and gain power

A
  • 21st of april, lenin arranged for factory workers to go onto the streeets but not many did and police dispersed them
  • 9th of june, lenin failed to get support from the petrograd soviet to demonstrate them over the failure of the june offensive
30
Q

what was the july days

A
  • on july 2nd 20,000 armed sailrs joined workers and soldiers on the streets
  • grain prices had doubled
  • shortages of fuel and raw materials led to 586 factories closing down and the loss of 100,000 jobs
  • chanted bolshevik slogans
  • some invaded the tauride palace
  • attacked property and looted shops
31
Q

how effective was the july days

A
  • because the demonstrators had no leadership they failed to make a large impact
  • demonstrations united the pg and soviet petrograd
  • troops arrested 500 bolsheviks and lenin fleed for finland
32
Q

what was the kornilov affair

A
  • Kerensky was worried that general kornilov was attempting a military take over
  • kerensky armed many bolsheviks in order to defest kornilov and his troops
33
Q

how had bolshevik support increased

A
  • 23,000 members in february and 200,000 in october
  • made prov gov look weak
  • created an elite force of 10,000 red guards
34
Q

why did Lenin want to act quickly

A
  • lenin realised the SRs would win the election for a constituent assembly in november
  • by end of september the bolsheviks had majority seats in the petrograd soviet
35
Q

what was the MRC (miliatry revolutionary committee)

A
  • established by Trotsky due to a to fear of German attack on the city
  • majority of it’s members were bolsheviks
  • used the MRC to organise the take over that Lenin convinced the bolshevik party that it was necessary on the 10th october
36
Q

what happened on the 24th - 25th of October

A
  • the prov gov started to close down bolshevik newspapers in petrograd
  • lenin realised they must act immediately
  • 5000 members of the MRC took over key buildings and stormed the winter palace and arrested prov gov members (kerensky had already fled)
37
Q

what happened in the 26th-27th of october

A
  • at the meeting of the All russian congress of soviets lenin declared the prov gov had been overthrown
  • mensheviks and SRs walked out of the congress leaving the bolsheviks in full control
38
Q

what was the new government made by the bolsheviks called

A
  • sovnarkom
39
Q

what arguments are there that the prov gov was doomed from the start

A
  • viewed as illegitimate
  • shared power with the petrograd soviet
  • reforms they bought in allowed more opposition
  • unable to solve the land issue as they were not an elected government
  • continuing in the war
40
Q

what arguments are there that the prov gov was not doomed from the start

A
  • succeeded in it’s aim for preparing for elections for a constituent assembly which did occur in november however lenin lost and overturned the result
  • generally popular at the start, its reforms and milyukov was well known and popular

russia - depth study (3 decks)

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