Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSA > PSA > Flashcards

PSA Flashcards

(92 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

1st line statin for established CV disease

A

Atorvastatin

Can be taken in the morning unlike simvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First line antihyptertensive in over 55 or Afro-Carribean.

Side effects

A

Amlodipine

SE = dizziness, flushing, hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Quetiapine monitoring

A 
FBC, U&E, LFTs at start and annually
Lipids, weight at start, then annually 
FBG and prolactin at start, 6mo then annyally
BP baseline and frequently 
ECG at baseline
CV risk assessment annually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbimazole side effects

A

Neutropenia
Agranulocytosis
Warn about sore throats when treatment initiated and check FBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alendronate (bisphosphonate) advice

Things to look out for

When should you stop

A

• Take with lots of water sitting/standing on empty stomach > 30 mins before breakfast. Stay upright for 30 mins after.

  • Report atypical femoral #s (hip, thigh, groin pain), osteonecrosis of jaw (see dentist before starting + regular check ups)/auditory canal.
  • Stop and seek medical attention if dysphagia or worsening heartburn
  • Constipation is less important side effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Empirical therapy for meningitis if >3mo

A

2g IV cefotaxime STAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Starting opioid treatment

Caution in?

A

Offer patients regular oral release morphine, with 1/6 total dose for breakthrough pain.
Oral release is preferable to transdermal patches.
Laxatives should be prescribed for all starting strong opioids

Careful in CKD patients (use alfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If trough levels are raised?

A

Increase interval between doses

Assumes peak dose is not too high (then need to reduce dose size)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If peak levels are raised?

A

Reduce dose drug

Assumes trough dose is not too high (then need to increase dose interval)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Steps of stable angina mangement

A
  1. PRN GTN spray
  2. Secondary prevention (aspirin, statin, CV risk factors)
  3. One anti-anginal depending on CIs (BB or CCI)

then

  1. Increase anti-anginal dose as tolerated
  2. Add second antianginal if not CI, or long acting nitrate or nicorandil
  3. If uncontrolled on two anti-anginals refer for revascularisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Requirements for water in maintenance fluids?

A

25-30ml/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Requirements for sodium in maintenance fluids?

A

1mmol/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Requirements for potassium in maintenance fluids?

A

1mmol/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Requirements for chloride in maintenance fluids?

A

1mmol/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Requirements for glucose in maintenance fluids?

How much glucose in 1L 5% glucose

A

50-100g/day

5% = 5g glucose in 100ml, so need 1-2L 5% glucose per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 medications to be careful with in ischemic heart disease

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. Oestrogens (COCP, HRT)
  3. Varenicline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 drugs to worry about in asthmatics

A
  1. NSAIDs (risk increased if nasal polyps)
  2. BB
  3. Adenosine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chronic HF Mx steps

A
  1. ACEi + BB (if not contraindiated)
  2. Increases doses as tolerated

If still inadequate add;

  • mild = ARB
  • mod/Afro-Carribean = Hydralazine and isosorbide mononitrate
  • severe = spironolactone

If symptoms persist, cardiac resynchronisation or digoxin can be considered

Give diuretics for fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypoglycemic signs

Which drug worsens awareness

A

Sympathetic signs (sweating, anxiety, confusion, aggression)

BB reduces awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When to give NAC in paracetamol overdose

A
  • There is a staggered overdose (doubt over time of ingestion, regardless of concn)
  • Plasma [paracetamol] on or above single treatment line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Test for dignoxin toxicity

A
  1. Digoxin level
  2. ECG
  3. U&Es
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Teratogens

A
  1. Tetracyclines
  2. Aminoglycosides
  3. Sulphonaides
  4. Trimethoprim
  5. Quinolones
  6. ACEi
  7. Statins
  8. Warfarin
  9. Sulphonylureas
  10. Retinoids
  11. Cytotoxic agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of CAP

A

Amoxicillin

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rapid acting insulins (before meals)

A 
Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Insulin aspart (NovoRapid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sodium valproate monitoring
* LFTs (pre, first 6mo) | * FBC (only pre treatment)
26
Corticosteroids side effects
* Endocrine (impaired glucose, increased appetite, hirstutism, hyperlipidaemia) * Cushing's * Musk (osteoporosi, myopathy, AVN femoral head) * Immuno (reactivation of TB, increased suceptibility to infection) * Psych (imsomnia, mania, depression, psychosis) * GI (ulceration, pancreatitis) * Opthalmic (glaucoma, cataracts) * Intracranial HTN * Neutrophilia
27
Carbamezepine
SIADH (hypoNa)
28
Amiodarone monitoring
* TFTs (pre and every 6mo) * LFTs (pre and every 6mo) * K+ (pre) * CXR (Pre)
29
Monitoring rate control AF with Digoxin
* Ventricular rate (since it is rate control) | * Serum digoxin level at least 6h post-dose
30
Rifampacin - inducer or inhibitor
Inducer
31
How often methotrexate taken
Once per week
32
Drugs not to be taken while breastfeeding
* Ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides * Lithium, benzos * Aspirin * Carbimazole * Methotrexate * Sulfonylureas * Cytotoxic drusg * Amiodarone
33
What proportion of penicillin allergic patients also allergic to cephalosporin
0.5% - 6.5%
34
How many mmol of Na/Cl are there in one L of 0.9% saline?
154mmol
35
Osmotic laxative example | Contraindication
Lactulose | Bloating
36
Stimulant laxative example | Contraindication
Senna | Colitis/cramps
37
Oral codeine> Oral morphine
divide by 10
38
Oral tramadol > oral morphine
Divide by 10
39
Oral morphine > oral oxycodone
Divide by 2
40
Oral morphine > SC morphine
Divide by 2
41
Oral morphine > SC diamorphine
Divide by 3
42
Metronidazole effect on warfarin
Increases antigoaulation effect of warfarin | Increases INR
43
Emregency contraception
Levonorgestrel 1.5mg PO stat Or Ulipristal 30mg PO Stat
44
Fluconazole - inhibitor or inducer
Inhibitor
45
Stable angina management
1. PRN GTN 2. Secondary prevention (aspirin, statin, CV risk factors) If still experiencing symptoms 3. BB or CCI 4. then add other antianginal or long acting nitrate or nicronadil 5. If uncontrolled on 2 antianginals refer for revascularisation
46
psoriasis exacerbation
* alcohol * beta blockers * lithium * antimalarials * NSAIDs * ACEi * Infliximab
47
Avoid 5% glucose for fluids in which patients
Just had a stroke as risk of cerebral oedema
48
Which drugs affect lithium excretion and increase risk of lithium toxicity
NSAIDs - should be avoided in patients taking lithium
49
First line treatment for constipation in children
``` Macrogols (osmotic) with escalating dose regime. Use stimulants (senna) or stool softeners (docusate) if macrogols not tolerated. ```
50
Oral morphine > SC diamorphine
1/3 dose oral morphine = SC dose diamorphine
51
What should you report on the yellow card scheme
Suspected ADR to all medicines (vaccines, immunglobulins, herbal medicines etc.) even if reaction is well recognised. New medicines under additional medicines have ▼ symbol on package and should report all suspected ADRs for these
52
When giving cyclizine SC for nausea, use 0.9% saline or water for dilution?
Use water as can precipitate in saline
53
Convert stone to kg
1 stone = 6.35kg
54
Selective COXib contraindications
History of vascular disease
55
Oculogyric crisis
Procyclidine
56
Transdermal patch
Estradiol with levonorgestrel
57
Methotrexate
Effective contraception must be used for men and women during and for 3mo after treatment
58
when to take loperamide
After each loose stool
59
Monitoring adverse effects of COCP
Increase in BP | STop if >160/95
60
Monitoring effectiveness of furosemide
Body weight
61
Amiodarone ==> thyrotoxicosis management
Stop amiodarone as it may be very refractory. Withdraw, at least temporarily, to achieve control
62
VTE in adults with phobia of injection
Apixaban
63
First line treatment of hypoglycemia
Glucose 20% 75ml over 10mins
64
Antiplatelets before surgery
Stop 7d before
65
Allopurinol with renal problems
Max daily dose of 100mg or less until renal function improved
66
Avoid nitrofurantoin if
eGFR<45
67
First line treatment in alcohol withdrawal
Chlordiazepoxide
68
What to monitor if taking DOAC
Report any unexplained bruising bleeding
69
Cholestatic jaundice antibiotic
Co-Amoxiclav
70
Starting new ACEi - what to expect from Cr
Small rise in Cr expected when starting ACEi
71
NSAIDs in kidney
NSAIDs reduce renal flow
72
Addisonian patient sick day rules
Double dose steroids
73
Cyclizine side effects
Antimuscarinic
74
Ramipril in pregnancy
Teratogenic in first trimester > labetalol?
75
Tamoxifen risks
Increases risk VTE
76
Methotrexate risk | How often taken
Neutoropenia. | Take once per week
77
Citalopram in the sun
Increases photosensitivity
78
First line heart failure
ACEi plus BB
79
1st line hyperkalaemia
5U Actrapid + 50ml 50% glucose over 5 mins
80
2nd line hyperkalaemia
5mg nebulised salbutamol stat
81
Metformin for overweight or underweight
Overweight | SUs put on weight
82
Immediate relief of dyspepsia?
Magnesium carbonate
83
Diabetes insipitus causes
Lithium
84
What to monitor in HRT or COCP
BP
85
Codydramol
Codeine and parcetamol
86
If peak dose is high
Reduce dose
87
If trough is high
Increase interval
88
Heparins and potassium
Hyperkalaemia as decrease aldosterone synthesis
89
Allopurinol in renal dysfunction
Max 100mg
90
Citalopram and sodium
Canc cause hypoNa
91
Breakthrough pain morphine dose
1/6 total
92
Stopping aspirin before surgery
7d

PSA (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions