Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSA Exam > PSA Exam > Flashcards

PSA Exam Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

One red, hot, swollen joint = GOUT.

What is the first line treatment for Gout

A

Colchicine

Or high dose ibuprofen but not if they have renal failure or cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First line treatment for status Epilepsy.

A

Status Epilepsy = seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes

Treatment is Lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment of Absence Seizures/Generalized tonic clonic seizures

A

Sodium Valproate in Male

Iamotrigine in Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of Focal seizures

A

Carbamazepine or Iamotrigine.

Carbamazepine should be stopped immediately in case of liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment of acute Delirium

A

Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antiemetic options

A

Cyclizine 50mg 8 hourly is usually first line.
Metoclopramide 10mg 8 hourly if heart failure.
Metoclopramide exacerbates Parkinson’s symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Choice of antibiotic for cellulitis if patient is allergic to penicillin

A

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronchiectasis presents with worsening cough, SOB and haemoptysy. Oral and IV antibiotic options for Bronchiectasis

A

Oral: Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic
IV: Co-amoxiclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pneumonia presents with cough, sob and fever

A

Low to Moderate severity: Amoxicillin
High severity: Co-amoxiclav with Clarithromycin
Erythromycin if pregnant
Levofloxacin if penicillin allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where to look for antibiotics treatment

A

For respiratory infections: Respiratory infections, antibacterial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antiviral treatment for Herpes

A

Aciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of Scabies

A

Permethrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute anxiety disorder treatment

A

Benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

A

Sertraline.

Contraindicated in Epilepsy and cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Donepezil hydrochloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of MI

A 
MONAC
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrate
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How to tackle the different types of questions

A

For each question, read the question before you read the scenario.

  • Prescribing section: think about what are the treatment options, look at last medical history and consider the contraindications e.g. renal failure.
  • Prescription review/Adverse Drug Reaction: search each medication, look at common side effects. For Drug interactions, use the interaction section.
  • Communucating Information: read each option and consider whether it’s true or not by looking at side effects, patient care section and indications.
  • Drug Monitoring: review the Monitoring section
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (if QRISK 3 score is >10%)

A

Statin (Atorvastatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment for Angina

A

GTN Spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for secondary prevention of MI

A 
5As
Aspirin - lifelong
Clopidogrel - 12 months
Atorvastatin
Ace Inhibitor (Ramipril)
Atenolol (beta blocker)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for Acute Heart Failure/Pulmonary Oedema

A

Frusemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for Hypertension

A

Under 55 and non-block:
1st line is = Ace Inhibitor (Ramipril), then Calcium Channel Blocker (Amlodipine). Lastly, you can add thiazide like diuretic like Bendroflumethazide

Over 55, black:
1st line: Calcium channel blocker, then Ace Inhibitior. Can add thiazide like diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation & Atrial Flutter

A

First line is Rate Control for both: Atenolol. Digoxin is also an option
If it’s new (within 48 hours), it is causing heart failure then Rhythm Control: Flecanide or Amiodarone (in structural heart disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anticoagulant options

A

Usually Warfarin.

If contraindicated, then Rivaroxaban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Treatment for Ventricular tachycardia
Amiodarone Hydrochloride
26
Step line treatment for Asthma
1. Salbutamol + inhaled corticosteroids 2. Add Leukotriene receptor antagonist 3. Add LABA e.g. salmeterol 4. Add LAMA e.g. tiotropium
27
Treatment for Acute Asthma
Moderate: PEFR 50-75% Nebulised Salbutamol Severe: PEFR 33-50%, Unable to complete sentences IV salbutamol, Aminophylline infusion Life threatening: <33%, no wheeze - silent chest. IV Magnesium sulphate
28
Treatment for COPD
1. Salbutamol If no Asthmatic features such as Wheeze: LABA (Salmeterol) + LAMA (tiotropium) If Asthmatic features present: LABA + LAMA + Prednisolone
29
Treatment for Pulmonary Fibrosis/Interstitial Lung Disease
Pirfenidone
30
Treatment for Pulmonary Embolism
Initially LMWH e.g. deltaparin. | Long term Warfarin or Rivaroxaban. for 3 months if reversible cause, otherwise 6 months especially if cancer
31
Sarcoidosis presents with cough, SOB and erythema nordosum. What is the treatment for Sarcoidosis
Oral Steroids
32
Choice of antibiotic for UTI
Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin (NOT in Pregnancy) For a simple UTI in women - 3 days For women who are immunosuppressed, have an abnormal anatomy or impaired renal function, 5-10 days For man, pregnant women or catheter related UTI - 7 days
33
Treatment for Pylenephritis
Oral: Cefalexin IV: Co-amoxiclav only if culture results available otherwise Ceftriaxone
34
Treatment for Cellulitis and Septic Arthritis
Flucloxacillin only for Cellulitis Flucloxacillin plus rifampicin for Septic Arthritis If allergic to penicillin then Clarithromycin
35
Treatment for Ear, Nose and Throat Infections such as Tonsillitis or Sinusitis
first line is Penicillin | If allergic then Clarithromycin
36
Treatment for Otitis Media
Amoxicillin as first option | Otherwise Clarithromycin
37
Treatment for Gastroenteritis
Azithromycin or Ciprofloxacin
38
Treatment for bacterial/Viral Meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis = Benzylpenicillin Viral = Acyclovir In bacteria Meningitis, CSF shows raised protein and low glucose content
39
Treatment for Tuberculosis
Rifampicin for 6 months Isoniazid for 6 months Pyrazinamide for 2 months Ethambutol for 2 months
40
Treatment for Malaria
Uncomplicated - Quinine sulfate Complicated: IV Artesunate. Can find treatment under Malaria in Treatment Summary
41
Treatment for Constipation
Start with bulk forming laxative if that's ineffective add or switch to an osmotic. Later stimulant laxative can be added. Bulk forming: ispaghula husk Osmotic: Lactulose Stimulant: Senna In patients with opioid-induced constipation, an osmotic laxative (or docusate sodium to soften the stools) and a stimulant laxative is recommended. Bulk-forming laxatives should be avoided.
42
Treatment for STIs
Treatment Summary under Genital system infections
43
Treatment of Pernicious Anaemia
B12 Deficiency treated with - IM Hydroxocobalamin | Folic acid deficiency - Folic acid
44
Treatment for Osteoarthritis
1. Oral paracetamol or topical IBUPROFEN 2. Oral Ibuprofen 3. Codeine Phosphate
45
Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis
1. Methotrexate 2. Methotrexate + Hydroxychloroquine 3. Infliximab
46
Treatment for Reactive arthritis (one hot red swollen joint following an infection) & Ankylosing spondylitis (back pain and pain in the buttocks) and Lupus (photosensitive malar rash)
1. NSAIDs | 2. Steroids
47
Treatment for Polymyalgia Rheumatica (bilateral shoulder and hip pain), Giant Cell Arteritis (headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, vision problems) and Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis
high dose prednisolone
48
Treatment for Osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates
49
Treatment for Osteomalacia
Vitamin D
50
Management of Stroke
When haemorrhagic stroke ruled out, give Aspirin 300mg. Within 4.5 hrs give IV Alteplase. Secondary Prevention: Atorvastatin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel.
51
Treatment of Parkinsons
In Treatment Summary, under Parkinson's disease
52
Treatment of Benign Essential Tremor
Propranolol
53
Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Amitriptyline
54
Treatment of Bell's Palsy
Prednisolone
55
Treatment of Myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine
56
Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Carbamazepine
57
Treatment of Migraine & Cluster headache
Acute: Paracetamol or Sumatriptan Preventative: Propranolol
58
Treatment of Open and Angle closure glaucoma
Open Glaucoma = Latanoprost | Angle closure glaucoma = Acetazolamide
59
Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Ranibizumab
60
Treatment of Acute COPD Exacerbation
Nebulised Salbutamol Ipratropium Bromide Prednisolone
61
Treatment of Depression
first line: sertraline or fluoxetine if patient has cardiovascular disease if ineffective can switch to Duoxetine. Remember, treatment must be continued for 4 weeks before it is switched
62
What are the various contraceptive options
1. Barrier e.g. condom 2. Irreversible e.g. sterilisation 3. Long acting reversible e.g. Copper intrauterine device 4. Hormonal e.g. COCP or progestogen only pill 4. Emergency Contraceptives
63
What are the hormonal contraceptives
1. Combined oral contraceptives containing oestrogen and progestogen. Thin endometrial lining and thicken the cervical mucosa. Contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease, high risk of VTE (AF, stroke, DVT), over 35 and a smoker, and current breast cancer 2. Progestogen only thins endometrial lining and thickens cervical mucosa. It is suitable for patients in which oestrogen is contraindicated. Side effects amnaeorrhoea and irregular bleeding. Example includes levenogestril Vomiting and diarrhoea affects the effectiveness of both 3. Long acting reversible contraceptive e.g. Nexplanon implant in the arm or Milena coil also contains progestogen only. Same side effects as above
64
Non-hormonal contraceptives/Emergency
Copper intrauterine device - within 5 days of ovulation

PSA Exam (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions