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Pharmacology > PSA Revision > Flashcards

PSA Revision Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

NSAID contraindications

A

Asthma
Renal Impairment
GI bleed/ulcer Hx

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2
Q

Parkinson’s contraindications

A

Metoclopramide and Haloperidol

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3
Q

Aspirin and Children

A

Should not be used in <3y due to Reyes syndrome

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4
Q

Asthma Drug CIs

A

NSAIDs

BBs

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5
Q

Renal Impairment drugs - Peri-Operative Prescribing

A

Gentamicin
ACEi
Metformin
NSAIDs

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6
Q

Pre- Surgery - When to hold ACEi

A

1 day before

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7
Q

Pre-Surgery - When to hold Metformin

A

2 days before and 2 days after surgery

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8
Q

Pre-Surgery - NSAIDs

A

Limit use pre and post operative

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9
Q

Pre-Surgery - Gentamicin

A

AVOID completely if possible

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10
Q

Bleeding drugs - Peri-Operative Prescribing

A

Clopidogrel

DOAC/Warfarin

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11
Q

Pre-Surgery - When to hold Clopidogrel

A

7 days before

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12
Q

Pre-Surgery - When to stop Warfarin/DOAC

A

Warfarin = stop 5 days before

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13
Q

Bleeding risk drug which is safe to continue throughout surgery

A

Aspirin

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14
Q

VTE Prophylaxis

A

SC 5000U Dalteparin

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15
Q

VTE Prophylaxis <50kg or renal impairment

A

SC 2500U Dalteparin

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16
Q

Paracetamol prescription

A

1g QDS (max 4g/day)

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17
Q

Paracetamol prescription if <50kg or liver dysfunction

A

500mg QDS (max 2g/day)

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18
Q

NSAID prescription

A

Ibuprofen 400mg TDS

Naproxen 250mg QDS

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19
Q

Morphine and renal impairment

A

Morphine is renally excreted.

AVOID in renal impairment.

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20
Q

Morphine alternative in renal impairment

A

Oxycodone

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21
Q

Oral morphine (Oramorph) -> Oxycodone

A

Divide by 2

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22
Q

PRN dose of morphine calculation

A

Divide total daily dose of morphine by 6

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23
Q

Morphine side effects

A

Itch
Nausea
Constipation
Drowsinesss

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24
Q

Anticholinergic drugs to avoid prescribing together in elderly

A 
Antidepressants 
Antiemetics 
Antipsychotics 
Antihistamines 
BZDs
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25
Drugs which can cause confusion and falls
Anticholinergic Drugs Zopliclone, BZDs Steroids Anti-hypertensives (Diuretics)
26
HYPONATREMIA | Salt Can Displace Tequila Oh!
``` SSRIs Carbamazepine Diuretics Trimethoprim Omeprazole ```
27
Causes of low salt and dehydration
Diarrhoea/Vomiting | Diuretics
28
Causes of low salt and euvolaemia
Hypothyroidism Addison's SIADH Drugs: Omeprazole Carbamazepine Citalopram (SSRI)
29
Causes of low salt and excess fluid
Liver failure Renal failure Heart failure
30
HYPERKALAEMIA | Tequila Always Makes Nurses Smile
``` Trimethoprim ACEis/ARBs Mefenamic Acid/Metformin NSAIDs Spironolactone ``` Gentamicin
31
Angiotensin II
- > Aldosterone release from Zona Glomerulosa in adrenal cortex - > DCT = sodium reabsorption, potassium excretion.
32
Hypocalcaemia drugs
Loop diuretics Bisphosphonates Phenytoin
33
Hypercalcaemia drugs
Thiazide diuretics
34
Hyperglycaemia Drugs
``` Steroids Olanzapine Tacrolimus BBs Thiazide Diuretics ```
35
Normal male QTc
<440
36
Normal female QTc
<470
37
Prolonged QT interval - drugs which affect neurotransmitters
Antipsychotics Antidepressants Antiemetics
38
Prolonged QT interval - drugs which affect cardiac conduction
BBs Sodium channel blockers e.g. flecainide Potassium channel blockers e.g. amiodarone
39
Prolonged QT interval - Abx
Ciprofloxacin | Erythromycin
40
Low INR
Clotting
41
High INR
Bleeding
42
ACEi ADRs
Dry cough Renal Failure Hyperkalaemia Postural hypotension
43
BBs ADRs
Erectile Dysfunction Bradycardia Fatigue Cold extremities
44
CCBs ADRs
Flushing Headache Ankle swelling
45
Spironolactone ADRs
Hyperkalaemia | Gynaecomastia
46
PHenytoin ADRs
Gum hypertrophy | Hirsutism
47
Carbamazepine ADRs
Rash Dry mouth Hyponatremia
48
Sodium Valproate ADRs
Teratogenic Tremor Weight gain
49
Lamotrogine ADRs
Rash (SJS) | Induces CP450
50
SSRIs ADRs
Sick (nausea) SIADH (hyponatremia) Reduced libido Insomnia
51
TCAs ADRs
Anticholinergic (confusion, agitation)
52
MAOi ADRs
HTN Jaundice Hyperthermia
53
Sulfasalazine ADRs
Myelosuppression Oligospermia Rash Renal failure Hepatitis
54
Gold ADRs
GN Myelosuppression Erythroderma Thrombocytopenia
55
Pencillamine ADRs
GN Myasthenia Lupus Taste disturbance
56
Chloroquine ADRs
Retinopathy | Tinnitus
57
Methotrexate ADRs
Myelosuppression Hepatotoxicity Pneumonitis
58
Anti-TNF ADRs
Reactivation of TB infection
59
Cyclophosphamide ADRs
Haemorrhagic Cystitis
60
Azathioprine ADRs
Myelosuppression
61
Cyclosporin ADRs
``` Tremor Nephritis Hirsutism Gum hyperplasia Burning hands/feet ```
62
Typical Antipsychotics e.g. Haloperidol | ADRs
Dystonic reactions | QTc prolongation
63
Atypical Antipyschotics e.g. Olanzapine, Risperidone | ADRs
Metabolic syndrome
64
Amiodarone ADRs
``` Thryoiditis Pulmonary fibrosis Slate grey skin Metallic taste Hepatitis ``` Peripheral neuropathy Myopathy
65
Adenosine ADRs
Flushing | Sense of impending doom
66
Lithium (Overdose)
Hypothyroidism Nephrongenic DI Nausea/diarrhoea ``` Tremor Ataxia Dysarthria Coma Convulsions ```
67
Gentamicin ADRs
Renal Failure | Tinnitus
68
C.Diff Risk Abx
``` Clindamycin Clarithromycin Co-amoxiclav Ciprofloxacin Cephalosporins ```
69
Statins and Macrolides/Grapefruit
= Myopathy
70
NSAIDs and ACEi
= AKI
71
ACEi and Spironolactone
= Hyperkalaemia
72
Major Bleeding management
Stop Warfarin Vitamin K Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
73
INR >8 and Minor Bleed management
Stop Warfarin Vitamin K Give further Vitamin K if INR high after 24 hrs Restart Warfarin when INR >5
74
INR 5-8 and Minor Bleed
Stop Warfarin Vitamin K Restart Warfarin when INR <5
75
INR 5-8 and No bleed
Withhold 1 or 2 doses | Reduce subsequent maintenance dose
76
When to measure peak drug
To measure effectiveness | Time taken varies
77
When to measure trough drug
To avoid toxicity | Taken pre dose
78
Hyperkalaemia causes - DREAD
``` Drugs - Tequila Always Makes Nurses Smile Renal Failure Endocrine (Addison's) Artefact (Haemolysed Sample) DKA ```
79
Hypokalaemia causes - DIRE
Drugs - Don't Cut Banana's Inadequate intake/loss Renal Tubular Acidosis Endocrine (Cushing's, Conn's)

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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